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SALES SUGGESTIONS 

FOR 

PAPER BOX MANUFACTURERS 



A Practical Book, Designed Particularly for the Purpose 
of Offering Suggestions to Paper Box Manufac- 
turers for Promoting New Business. 



By ROBERT F. SALADE 

Author of " Hoiv Paper Boxes Are Made," "Plate Printing and Die 

Stamping," "How Cutouts Are Made," " Electrotyping 

and Stereotyping," Etc. 



With 68 Illustrations 



LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. 

SHEARS PUBLISHING COMPANY 

1922 



,$^^ 



Copyright, 1922, 

BY 

The Shears Puelishixg Company 



JUL -1 !922 



©CI.A677440 



-i 



oi^ C' i 



LIST OF CONTENirS 



►>»s«^^ 



Chapter I 

Thk mtidern paper box factory. Great progress of the iii(lustr\- dur- 
ing the last few years. The passing of the old "fire-trap." Interior 
of the modern plant. New-style fire towers. Steel equipment. 
Labor-saving conveyor systems and their advantages. Pneumatic air 
tube system. A remarkable "all-on-the-gronnd-floor" plant. The 
chute system for waste paper and trimmings. Mechanical equipment 
of the modern paper box factory. Special grouping of machines and 
operators to increase production. The modern cutting and creasing 
department. Sequential machine arrangement. Increasing shoulder 
output. The business offices. The display room. Dining room for 
employes. Greater improvements to follow. — I'ages 7 to 18 

Chapter II 

Judicious advertising for paper hox manufacturers. An unusual 
news])aper display advertisement. Suggestions for ad\ertising ])aper 
boxes. Various mediums of advertising that box manufacturers can 
use to advantage. Inspiration not hard to find. An impressive 
"double-spread" magazine advertisement. An interesting full-page 
display advertisement. Op])ortunities for efi^ective advertising cam- 
paigns in business magazines. Direct-by-mail advertising literature. 
Moving picture advertising. Advertising by means of (Hspla\s at 
conventions. Souvenir advertising. Remembrance advertising. — 
Pages J() to 31. 

Chapter III 

Utili'i'y of l)eauty in set-up boxes. A romantic scene on the lludson 
river. Pretty, decorated paj^er boxes useful after the original con- 
tents have been removed. The paper box manufacturers' o])|)i)rtunitv 
to sell. Makers of package goods always ready for new ideas in at- 
tractive packages. How one paper box manufacturer hel])ed a con- 
fectioner to increase sales. Some beautiful styles of candy boxes. 
What a little colored ribbon will do. Cabinet boxes for fine writing 
jiaper. A wide field for writing paper boxes. De luxe ptipt-r l)oxes for 



high grade candy. Odd-shaped candy boxes. Descriptions of sev- 
eral out-of-the-ordinary paper boxes. Methods of doming tops for 
large-size round, oval and odd-shaped boxes. — Pages 32 to 42. 

Chapter IV 

Attractivenkss will sell goods. The mission of the paper box 
manufacturer. How box manufacturers can help create new busi- 
ness for otber manufacturers. A simple idea that sold tons of fine 
candy. Carnival box tops. New fields for plain paper boxes. New- 
fields for attractive paper boxes. "Flashy" candy boxes for carni- 
vals, fairs, etc. "je'Clair, the Package Beautiful." Two unique 
candy packages that have scored big hits. Opportunities for paper 
box manufacturers to work up complete advertising campaigns for 
large producers of package goods. Paper boxes that are works of 
art. — Pages 43 to 55. 

Chapter V 

Nkw fields for folding boxes. The new-school paper box manufac- 
turer. The wonderful utility of folding boxes. A new-style ff)lding 
box for 1)rick ice cream. Selling methods of one successful box 
manufacturer. Folding boxes for books, catalogues, magazines, etc. 
How folding boxes helped a national advertising campaign. Folding 
boxes for medical talilets. Folding boxes for tooth paste, shaving- 
cream, etc. An interesting case. Folding boxes for jars of com- 
plexion cream. Suggested improvement for Easter egg boxes. — 
Pages 56 to 05. 

Chapter VI 

Selling goods with unique folding l)oxes. Modern manufacturer 
of folding boxes a business promoter. The art department as a 
business builder. Advantages of first class printing and lithograph- 
ing departments in paper box factories. Some big orders for folding- 
boxes. "Share Thy Knowledge." The kinds of folding boxes that 
sell goods. A cake box with the utility feature. 100,000,000 folding 
boxes for raisins. Other lines of merchandise that could be sold in 
small-size paper boxes. Unique display containers. Folding boxes 
and cartons for window displays. Opportunities for paper box 
manufacturers to plan and sell new ideas in folding boxes. A cylin- 
der cutter and creaser. — Pages 66 to 76. 

Chapter VII 

Improved methods of cutting and creasing. The demand for all 
kinds of folding boxes increasing. Brief outline of cutting and 
creasing work. Suggestions for building an extra-strong die. Sim- 
ple method of preventing a steel die from warping. Advantages of 



printers' brass rule as scoring rule. Brass feeding guides with self- 
contained fenders. Out-of-the-ordinary method of making ready a 
cutting and creasing form. Best methods of corking forms. A 
"bender," or spring, made of binders' board. — Pages 'j'j to 85. 

Chapter VIII 

Cutouts paper box manufacturers can produce. Meaning of the 
term, "Cutout." Partitions and "set-ins" for holiday boxes. How 
the "set-ins" are made. How the cutout work is done. Practical 
facts about making the cutting dies. The make-ready ft)r cutout 
work. Cutouts for Christmas. Easter, Valentine Day and other holi- 
days. Odd-shaped candy boxes for holiday occasions. Fancy paper 
ba.skets, bon-bon holders, etc. Unusual color effects. Advertising 
signs and cutouts. xA.dvertising novelties. Cardboard fans, wall 
pockets, calendars, and i)aper caps. Display cards for buttons, ])ins, 
etc. Other kinds of cutouts. — Pages 86 to 99. 

Chapter IX 

Suggestions for new designs in tops. lal)els and wrappers. Future 
bright for progressive l)ox manufacturers. Excellent sales-promotion 
work being done l)y many box men. A box wrapper with a blue-bird 
design. Printing patterns for box wrappers on a cylinder jiress. The 
imitation marble effect. A checker-board design. The stripe effect 
in wrappers. (3ut-of-the-ordinary box tops. Type-and-border forms 
for ])ox tops. Helps for printing on highly glazed paper. Labels 
for the inside of box lids. How one paper 1:)ox manufacturer gained 
an important order.^ — Pages 100 to 108. 

Chapter X 

Keeping the box manufacturer's ])rint shop I)us}-. ( )pportunities for 
l)roducing jol) and comiuercial ])rinting. How to keep the printing- 
plant profitably employed during all seasons. Kinds of work pro- 
duced in one box manufacturer's ])rint shop. Factory forms, time 
sheets, loose leaf forms, etc. Business cards, letter heads, envelopes, 
statements and bill heads. Labels of many different kinds. Fancy 
labels cut out to odd shapes. Gummed labels and advertising stickers. 
How the paper l)ox manufacturer may produce his own advertising- 
matter. A telephone list booklet. Wall calendars, blotters, motto 
cards, ft)lders and circular letters. Large-size wall calendars. A sug- 
gestion for a motto card. — Pages 109 to 115. 

Chapter XI 

Important engraving processes every box manufacturer should 
know. Steel-die-stamped wrappers for fine paper boxes. The utility 
of die-stamped box wrappers. Steel die stamping — what it is. The 



difference between engraved copper plates, engraved steel plates and 
engraved steel dies. The automatic die and plate press. Engraving 
a steel die or steel ])late. Hardening a steel die or steel plate. En- 
graving by means of acid. A popular formula for deep etching. The 
engraving machine. Master plates for engraving lettering. Ruled 
engraving, ornamental borders, etc. Making a counter-die for steel 
die stamping. Completion of the make-ready. — Pages Ii6 to 129. 

Chapter XII 

Thk making of solid hl)re containers. Remarkable advantages of 
solid fibre shi])]iing containers. Uses for solid fibre containers mul- 
tiplving rapidlw How container board is made. How solid fibre 
shipping barrels are made. Printing blanks for solid fibre containers. 
The Swift fibre container-making and printing machine. Regular 
container-making machines. Different styles of containers. Wire 
stitching solid fibre containers. New uses for solid fibre container 
board. La])-boards. game boards, etc. Advertising signs, odd-shaped 
signs and large-size cutouts. Novelty boxes. — Pages 130 to 140. 

ClIAPlKK XIII 

Methods of silicating and i)araffining paper l)oar(l. The modern 
farmer, or dairyman, and his selling methods. A business building 
idea for manufacturers of paraffined paper boxes. Opportunities for 
box manufacturers to teach farmers how to sell farm products by 
parcel post. The modern housewife prefers food products packed 
in cartons. Silicated paper board ready for use. The Knowlton coat- 
ing machine. The p.ractical work of coating paper board for use in 
cartons. The roll coating machine. Printing sheets of paper board 
before applying the coating. Paraffin — what it is. Silicate of soda. 
Coating paper board with silicate of soda. Method of coating sheet 
stock with two different solutions. Paraffining stock for folding 
boxes and other kinds of containers. — Pages 141 to 150. 



•■•#€ CHAPTER I >'•• 

THE MODERN 
PAPER BOX FACTORY 



-«ia<'^^i>- 




HAT wonderful changes have occurred in the jjaper box 
industry (hn-ing the last few years! Remarkable changes 
for the better. The old. dilapitated building of some 
twenty years ago has been replaced by a handsome, mod- 
ern, tire-proof structure, designed particularly for the purposes of 
a paper box manufacturer. Modern factory buildings of this class 
are being erected in many ditTerent parts of the country and many of 
them are of beautiful architecture in addition to being lOO per cent 

useful. 

It is not simply these handsome new buildings that have marked 
the great progress of the paper box industry during the last few 
decades. The buildings themselves have had much to do with this 
])rogress, l)Ut so has modern mechanical equipment, skilled labor and 
efficient management. Moreover, the proper arrangement of mechan- 
ical equipment in modern factory ])uildings has made increased pro- 
duction possible in numerous cases. 

If you put old. worn-out machinery in a modern building you have 
not solved the production pro])lem. The conditions are not much 
better in a case where new mechanical equiiMncnt has been mstalled 
in an old. dingy building where p-ure air and natural light are almost 
unknown. tIic modern pai)er box plant must l)e complete in every 
detail of its equipment and organization else it would not be truthful 
to call it a modern plant. 

For the pur])ose of compiling data for this subject the writer vis- 
ited a considerable number of ])a])er box plants, including factories 
devoted exclusively to each of the following products: vSet-up paper 
boxes, folding boxes and cartons, pill and powder boxes, corrugated 
containers, and sohd fibre shipping cases. Plain facts about the con- 
struction, equipment, arrangement of the equii)ment and the general 
management of these various plants will be given in the following 
paragraphs. This information has been taken from the original 
sources and for that reason should be heli)ful and suggestive to any 

7 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufaeturers 

reader who is interested in the subject. Several of the finest paper 
box plants in the world are referred to in this article — concerns that 
are noted for quality, service and genuine efficiency — and the splendid 
examples set by these firms should be closely studied b}- other paper 
box manufacturers who desire to improve their plants. While it is 
true that extraordinary improvements are l)eing made in the paper 
box industry throughout the country, it is likewise a fact that some 
of the paper box manufacturers are not participating in this grand 
march of progress. Among the plants that were visited by the writer 
was one that was nothing more than a "fire-trap." It was an ancient, 
five-story brick building. The old, wooden floors were actually oil- 
soaked. The stairways, pillars and partitions were all of wood. 
There was only one elevator, operating at a "snail's pace," and used 
principally for carrying stock to the various floors. It was necessary 
for the employes to climb the stairs to reach the different de])art- 
ments. Some of the wt)rkers had to climb as many as four flights of 
stairs. The entire place was dark and dirty. If ever a fire l)reaks 
out in that building there will probably occur a heavy loss of life. 

Yes. we still have with us a number of old-time buildings like the 
one just described, but happy to say. they are passing away rapidly, 
and the time is soon coming when such a l)uilding will l)e rare, in- 
deed. Let us aU help in bringing about this l)etterment as quickly as 
possible. The dingy, unsanitary, fire-menace type of factory has no 
place in the paper box industry of today. 

THK M()np:RN PAPER BOX FACTORY 

The nn)dern paper l)ox factory is built of In'ick. stone or re-in- 
forced concrete. The sides of the 1)uikling are of steel and glass, 
allowing an al)undance of natural light to reach all departments of 
the plant. The floors, stairways, partitions and pillars are all formed 
of concrete, although in some cases the floors are made of solid wood 
blocks which have l)een treated with certain chemicals to make them 
fire-proof. It is almost impossible for a l)uilding of this kind of 
construction to take fire and burn. The stock and materials inside of 
the building may catch fire and Inirn, l)ut in such an event the "inhab- 
itants" of the structure would have ample time to make their escape. 

The new-style, double fire-tower-escapes are so constructed that 
they do not become congested as hundreds of persons rush into them 
from the various floors. As the workers from the ninth floor (for 
example) are running into one tower, the workers from the eighth 
floor are rushing into the other tower. This system allows ])lenty of 
room in the double towers for all of the emploves. and those from the 



TJw Modern Paper Box Factory 

lower floors are out on the street while the workers from the upper 
floors are descending the towers. 

The interior of the modern paper hox factory — the walls, pillars 
and ceiling of every work-room — is painted in mill white, finished 
with a coat of gloss-white. The walls and pillars have a dado of 
gray, or dark olive green, about 4 feet high from the floor. The 
doors, metal window sash, steel doors leading to the fire towers, etc., 
are painted either gray or dark olive green. 

STEEL EQUIPMENT 

The modern paper hox factory has steel equipment in practically 
all of its various departments. In one well-known plant even the 
office furniture is of pressed steel, finished in dark olive green. The 




Group of Aiitonuitic Wrapping Machines. This photograph was taken in one of the 
larger paper box factories in the Middle West. 

imposing tables upon which cutting and creasing forms are built 
are of pressed steel with planed steel. tops. The work-tables, material 
cabinets and lockers in the different departments are also of pressed 
steel. 

If the modern paper box factory is operating its own printing de- 
partment, as many of the leading 1k)x manufacturers are doing today, 
the type cabinets, roller cabinets, make-ready tables, and other equip- 
ment of this variety are all made of pressed steel. The steel equip- 
ment is as close to being indestructible as anything could be, and its 
handsome appearance enhances the beautv of the entire plant. 



Sales Siiijgcstinns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

LABOR-SAVING CONVEYOR SYSTEMS 

The conveyor system is an important feature of the modern paper 
box plant. In several of the larger plants the conveyor system is so 
efficient that the finished product is automatically carried from the 
various departments to the shipping- department. By this system it 
is possible to "shoot" finished product directly into freight cars, or 
motor trucks, as the case may be. 

The conveyor system is also used for the purj^ose of carrving stock 
and products in process of manufacture from one department to 
another. For example, and in the case of a factory devoted to the 
manufacture of set-up paper l)oxes. the blanks first go to the cutting 
and scoring machine. From this machine the blanks are carried to 
the corner-cutter machine. The blanks then pass on to the flange 
bender, on to the staying machine, and finally on to the automatic 
wrapping machine. It is one continuous o])eration. As the finished 
boxes and lids come from the wrapping machines, the boxes and fids 
are assembled, and then on down the chute they travel directly on 
their way to the shipping department. 

In one large plant devoted to the manufacture of solid fibre ship- 
ping cases, the conveyor .system carries the printed and folded boxes 
directly through the automatic wire stitching machine. As the ends 
of the containers are wire-stitched together, the finished product is 
carried on to the shi])ping department. The owners of this plant 
have their own private railroad siding, and at times the completed 
containers are conveyed directly from the wire stitching department 
to the freight cars standing on the railroad outside. 

The conveyor system is something that deserves the deepest study 
of any pa])er ])()x manufacturer who may be planning to have a new 
factory erected. The right kind of a conveyor system will make it 
unnecessary for em])l()yes to carry stt)ck or product in process of 
manufacture from one department to another, tlnis saving a great 
deal of time and labor in every department of the plant. The con- 
veyor system now in practical service can be improved upon, of 
course. One improvement always leads to another. 

THE PNEUMATIC AIR Tl^BE SYSTEM 

The larger, modern pa]:»er box factory has a pneumatic air tul)e 
system running from the general business offices to each and every 
department of the plant. By this system orders, written instructions, 
samples of stock, telegrams, bills of lading, etc.. are "shot" to the 
proper department in less than five seconds' time. This tulje system 
in conjunction with a i)lant telephone system makes it practically un- 

1© 



The Modern Paper Box Faetory 

necessary for a foreman to leave his department. The time-saving 
advantages of this plan may he illustrated hy the fact that in one 
large plant several thousand orders and other articles jxiss through 
the tuhes every day. 

A REMARKABLE "aLL-()N-TIIE-GR()UND-FLOOK" PLANT 

The plant of the Fil)re Container Company, ^lanayunk, Philadel- 
phia, is remarkahle in several particulars. This jilant consists of a 
numher of modern, "saw-tooth" huildings. ])uilt of hrick and con- 




Typical or till' iikhIiih imih; \h-\ pliiiit is^ this recreation and first aid room in the 

r'actoiy ot W. ('. ilitchie ik Co.. I'bieago. Here the employees gather to 

enjoy themselves, buy candy and soft drinks. \ nurse always 

in attendance with two cots for emergency. 

Crete, and so arranged that the entire ])]anl is laid out on the ground 
floors of the various l)uildings. This means tliat there are no stairs 
to climh ; no elevators are essential, and all of the machinery is set 
on an ahsolutelv solid hase of concrete. As this |)lant is devoted 
exclusively to the manufacture of solid iihre shi]:)ping containers, 
extra heavv machinery is required, thus the advantages of the "all- 
on-the-ground-tloor" plan can he readil}' mulerstood. 

Talk ahout a complete i)aper hox manufacturing factory! The 
Fihre Container Company not only makes its own container hoard, 
l)ut it even manufactures the jute and chip papers from which the 
container hoard is made. One entire huilding is devoted to the paper- 
making processes, and here are Icicated the mammoth paper making 
machines whicJT can he used, if desired, for making any kind of 

11 



Salt's Siiyyestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

paper. In the next Iniilding is the great container-board making 
machine which spreads warm, hqnid socHum sihcate between three, 
four or more sheets of chip paper, and which pastes a sheet of jute 
paper on top and bottom of the completed board. This machine 
looks much like its brother, the paper making machine. The finished 
board is delivered in large, flat sheets, ready to be cut, slotted and 
scored for making up into solid fibre containers. 

In the other "saw-tooth" buildings of this big plant are installed 
the special printing presses, cutting, slotting and scoring machines, 
wire stitching machines, giant paper cutters, corner cutters, special 
two-color printing presses for printing on the heaviest kinds of solid 
fibre shipping cases, and special machines which print in two colors, 
cut, slot and score the container board all at the one operation. 

In addition to the conveyor system in this ])lant. there are also 
about lialf a dozen miniature motor trucks wliich are used for carry- 
ing stock and product from one department to another. Tons upon 
tons of solid fibre containers are made in this plant every dav, and 
the mechanical equipment is laid out in such a manner that the work 
passes rapidly from one department to another, and finally to the 
shii)ping department. bVeight cars and motor trucks are in close 
I^roximity to the shi])ping department. 

There is no waste material in this plant. The paper and lioard 
trimmings are simply re-convertcd into ])ulp. and tliis pul]) evcntuallv 
is rolled into new chip paper. 

THE c'lirri': system for w.\sri. p.aper 

In a number of modern paper box factories wliere stiff or set-U}) 
paper boxes are made there is a chute system leading from the cut- 
ting and corner-cutting departments to a section of the liasement 
where the balers are located. The waste trims from the cutting and 
scoring machines, and also the waste stock from the corner-cutting 
machines, is immediately thrown down the chutes referred to. and 
soon after reaching the basement the waste is pressed into bales 
ready to be sent to the paper mills. This chute system not only saves 
a great deal of time and labor, but it also helps in the maintenance 
of a clean plant. 

MECHANICAL EQriPNHiNT OF THE MODERN PLANT 

It goes without saying that the mechanical equipment of the mod- 
ern paper box factory should all be of the newest designs, and should 
l)e kept in first class working condition so that the highest degree 
of production may be maintained. Every machine should be operated 

12 



Tlw Modern Paper Box Factory 

by individual motor. (Overhead belts and sbafting- are out of place 
in the plant of these times. 

The machines should be arranged in a scientific manner so that 
work in the plant may be handled as a continuous operation, and 
this does not mean putting each group of machines in a separate 
department. For example, by having several gluing machines operat- 
ing in connection with a number of cutting and creasing presses, it 




Fig A. Grouping of machines antl operators to cut cost of production. .Job: Tight- 
wrapped boxes with flyleaves ; staying, gluing, wrapping, lacing and stacking. 
Note the arrangement of the portable jilatforms and inclined chutes. 

13 



Salt's Suyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

is possible to turn out large quantities of folding boxes witbout wast- 
ing: time and labor in carrying tbe stock from oiie room to anotber. 

THE MODERN CUTTING AND CREASING DEPARTMENT 

In tbe modern cutting and creasing department tbe ]:)laten cutting 
and creasing presses are lined u|) in sucb positions tbat natural ligbt 





u 
z 
> 


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o 

^ 






Fig. B. Another special grouping ot macliines and operators for shoulder stripping 

and turning in, box gluing and inserting shoulders, pressing and turning. 

Note the positions of the inclined chutes. 



14 



Till' Modern Paper Box Factorx 

coming in from the windows at the end of the room illuminates the 
inner side of the side guide on each press. This makes it possil)le 
for the feeder of the press to clearly see the side of the side-gtiide 
which is most important in the matter of close register work. Were 
the presses to be turned the opposite way. the natural light would 
fall upon the side-guide in such a way as to cause the side-gitide to 
cast a shadow at the point where the .sheet is to be fed. making it 
difficult for the feeder to do close-register feeding. 

The printed sheets are first sent to the cutting and creasing pres.ses 
where they are cut and scored to the required sizes and shapes. As 
the sheets come from the cutters and creasers. they are conveyed to 
the "stripping" de])artment nearby where the trims, or waste material, 
are removed. The blanks are then passed on to the gluing depart- 
ment, where two ends of each ])lank are glued together thus forming 
a complete folding l)ox. 

SEQUENTIAL MACHINE ARRAN(;i:MENT 

Floor space can be economized and production can be su])stan- 
tially increased by the sequential machine arrangement — something 
that is being done in manv of the modern jiaper box plants. For 
example, in a number of ])lants the machines for making a tight- 
wrapped candy box with fly-leaf; staying, gluing. wrap])ing, lacing 
and stacking are grouped and handled as follows : 

By this arrangement of machines, the stayer, the wrapi)er and the 
lacer, are on three different elevations. Portable platforms are used 
for the purpose, and the reason for the different elevations is to take 
advantage of the i)ower of gravitation which is utilized as a natural 
conveyor between the machines, the work sliding down inclined 
chutes from one machine to another. The staying machine is on 
the highest elevation; the wrapping machine is on the next elevation, 
and then comes the fly-leafing machine'. 

The force on this job — tight-wra])])ed candy box with fly leaf; 
staying, gluing. wrap])ing. lacing and stacking — consists of five 
skilled operators, one for each machine, and one to inspect and pack 
the finished work. 

The boxes are passed down the inclined chute from the staying 
machine to the operator of the wrap])ing machine who registers them 
to the glued wraps. The operator of the gluing machine takes the 
glued wra])s from the machine and places them upon a revolving- 
table within convenient reach of the wrapping machine o];)erator. 
From the wrapping machine, the second elevation, the wrapped 
boxes are "chuted" to the fly-leafing machine where the fly-leafs are 
inserted. 

15 



Sales Siiciyt'Stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

Machines such as the stayer, the lacer, etc.. should he mounted on 
rollers and should he equipped with individual motor so that they 
may easily he moved to anv i)art of the huildinc;- to work in connec- 
tion with other machines. 

INCREASINC; SHOULDER-BOX oriPlT 

One of the most comjjlicated johs in set-up ])aper hox manufac- 
ture is as follows: Shoulder stripping and turning in, box gluing 
and inserting shoulders, pressing and lacing. By handling this work 
in a seciuential, uninterrupted course, the production cost is decreased 
to a large extent. The group plan calls for seven o])erators, and all 
.seven stages of the work are accomplished withdut unnecessary hand- 
ling. 

From the shoulder-stripping machine operator the boxes are within 
easy reach of the operator for turning in. This operator then hands 
the boxes to the operator who does the inserting. By means of an 
inclined chute the boxes are passed from the gluing machine to the 
operator who inserts the shoulders. The boxes are then passed on 
to the presser operator. Another inclined chute conveys the boxes 
to the lacing machine operator. Still another chute carries the boxes 
to the operator attending to the closing and ])acking. 

The two time and labor-.saving plans mentioned in the last few 
])aragraj)hs were perfected bv the vStokes &• vSmith Company, of 
Philadelphia. The.se plans have been tried out successfully by muner- 
ous box manufacturers and thev may be ado])ted by others with good 
results. 

I'IME-S.WINC M.XCIIINES 

The modern paper box factory is not complete without time-saving 
machines of the newest type. Among the great time-savers for set- 
up box work are the douljle cutting and scoring machine, the auto- 
matic wrapping machine, and the double corner cutter. The new- 
style cylinder cutter and creaser is a l)ig time-saver on various kinds 
of folding boxes and cartons. For the ])rinting de])artment there 
are automatic feeders for both cylinder and ]:)laten ])resses. 

Only a few of the principal time-saving machines have l)een men- 
tioned, and there are many others that belong to this class, but 
enough have been quoted to illustrate the point intended. The ordi- 
nary machines have their advantages, too, like the single cutting and 
scoring machine, the single corner cutter, the topper and the standard 
covering machine, all for example. Genuine economy is effected by 
utilizing the right machine for each ])articular class of work. 

16 



The Modern Paper Box Factory 

THE BUSINESS OFFICES 

The l)usiness offices of the modern j^aper l)ox factory are on a par 
with those of other high class industrial plants. The general offices 
are spacious, well-lighted and neatly furnished. The comfort of the 
visitor is carefully considered. The lohhy is provided with easy 
chairs, a library table, and a well-stocked bookcase, and copies of the 
leading business magazines are spread upon the table. "Miss Infor- 
mation" is a pleasant, intelligent girl, who is courteous to visitors and 
who knows how to give each caller the proper attention. The 
private offices are handsomely furnished, and whenever a customer 
is ushered into one of these offices he is made to feel ])erfectly "at 
home." 

There is also a special consultation room in connection with the 
business offices where the customer is escorted in a case when an 
important order for ])a])er bo.xes is to be placed. Here the matter 
may be talked over and planned under the most favoral)le conditions 
for all concernecl. 

ITIE DISPLAY ROOM 

The display room is an important feature of the modern ])aper 
box factory. It is usually equipped with glass cases on all sides of 
the room, and in these ca.ses are specimens of the box-maker's best 
product. Some of the larger firms have displays of decorated candy 
boxes that are exceedingly attractive. The display cases are illum- 
inated by electric lights. The room is nicely furnished for the con- 
venience of customers. 

DININC; ROOM FOR I'lll'- EMPLOYES 

Nearly all of the larger paper box factories now have private din- 
ing rooms for the convenience of tlie workers, and some plants have 
first-class ".self-service" restaurants where meals are served to the 
emi)loyes at nominal cost. In a number of plants hot cotTee. tea or 
milk is given free to workers who prefer to eat their own lunch m 
the dining room of the iactory. 

The modern plant also has private rest rooms for the female work- 
ers and a smoking room for the males. The dressing rooms are com- 
modious and .sanitary and each worker is provided with an individual 
steel locker for his or her clothing and other personal belongings. In 
a number of the larger factories is a small but complete emergency 
hospital, in charge of a trained nurse. 

In this chapter we have attempted to give merely a rough outline 
of the modern paper box factory in the eft"ort to show the remark- 

17 



Salt's Suygcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

able advancements which have been made in the paper box manufac- 
turing industry during the last few years. It is safe to say that even 
greater improvements than those which have been mentioned will be 
made in the future. The conditions brought about bv the great 
World War resulted in luany l)etterments in the industry that are 
bound to remain permanently, and many other improveiuents will 
surely follow. 




18 




■H. CHAPTER II > 



JUDICIOUS ADVERTISING FOR PAPER 
BOX MANUFACTURERS 

*- ts^sc -!► 

HILE glancing over the pages of a big daily newspaper 
the writer's attention was attracted by a full-page display 
advertisement which was unusual in several ways. First, 
it was a handsome piece of typography, exceptionally 
well arranged, and having plenty of white space between the type- 
matter and border on all sides. Second, a number of illustrations 
were incorporated with the reading matter — illustrations of ship- 
ping containers made of corrugated paper board. Third, the copy- 
matter was exceedingly interesting, telling about the great utility of 
the shipping containers referred to. and cxi)laining the advertisers' 
facilities for making paper-board containers of all kinds. 

The main reason why this advertisement was unusual was be- 
cause of it being a full-page newspaper display advertisement of a 
paper box manufacturing concern. We do not often see advertise- 
ments of this kind in the daily news])a])ers. Why? Simply for the 
reason that paper box manufacturers in general have not yet awak- 
ened to the wonderful possibilities of newspaper advertising, but the 
time is soon coming when ne\\s])aper and magazine advertisements of 
paper box makers will be (juite ninnerous. 

The display advertisement referred to was placed b)' one ot the 
nationally-known paper box mamifacturing firms, a concern that has 
been utilizing newspaper space for some time ])ast, and it goes with- 
out saying that this ])ublicity is helping to boost the sales of ])a])er- 
board shipping containers in many new fields. Manufacturers, mer- 
chants, storekee|)ers and business men in general, all read the daily 
newspapers, and when they see an out-of-the-ordinary advertise- 
ment in the news|)aj)ers in re the economy of fibre shi])i)ing contain- 
ers, they are bound to be interested. 

One day the writer was talking with the head of a large manufac- 
turing concern when the fact was mentioned that this concern is now 
using fibre containers for sliii)ping its product instead of the old- 
fashioned wooden boxes which that firm has been using for many 

19 



Sail's Siicfgcstiuns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

years past. This is pr()l)ahiy only one of many similar cases where 
manufacturers are now utilizing paper-hoard shipping containers in 
place of wooden hoxes. But, think of the vast field that still remains 
for the manufacturers of paper boxes ! Powerful propaganda on the 
l)art of the box-makers in general is certain to place countless num- 
bers of paper boxes in entirely new fields. \Vc' arc not s])eaking 
merely of fibre ship])ing containers — we refer to all kinds of pajjer 
boxes, from the smallest-size \)\\\ l)()x to the largest-size solid fibre 
container. 

Judicious advertising is what the average i)a])er l)ox manufacturer 
needs more than anything else. The pa])er l)()x makers, as a class, 
have not been advertising in the same pro])ortion as manv of the 
other manufacturers in various lines are advertising. I low often do 
you see a ])aper Ijox manufacturer's adverti.sement in a standard maga- 
zine, in a daily newspaper, or on a billboard? Three of the large 
manufacturing stationery firms of Thiladelphia are using big painted 
signs for the publicity of their l)usiness. These signs are of extra- 
large size; are attractively painted in colors, and are .set uj) at ])rom- 
inent points on the main streets of the city. Some of these signs are 
brilliantly illuminated with electric lights at night. 

Now it a manufacturing stationer can use ])ainted sign ])ul)licit\- 
to advantage, so can a ])a])er box manufacturer. Things like corru- 
gated and solid libre shij)ping containers can l)e pictured as well on 
billboards, or ])ainted signs, as blank books or other stationerv spe- 
cialties. The business man who buys commercial stationer\- should 
also be a good prospect for ])aper-board ci)ntainer>. Keallv, the 
larger manufacturers of paper boxes .should devote close studv to 
the question of bill-board ])ublicitv. 

-A. recent issue of a well known moiUhU- adxertising magazine con- 
tained more than a dozen ful]-])age display advertisements of ])rint- 
ing concerns, about the same number of the same size advertisemenrs 
of paper manufacturers, and a large number of other full-page dis- 
l)lay advertisements re])resenting ])hoto-cngravers, advertising agen- 
cies, lithographers, commercial arti.sts, newsi)ai)er ])ul)lishers, etc. In 
the entire collection was only one advertisetuent of a ])aper box manu- 
facturing firm, but this happened to be an attractive "double-spread." 
handsomely illustrated, and having reading matter of the most inter- 
esting kind. 

Does it not seem strange that only one ])a])er box manufacturing 
concern was represented in the advertising pages of that magazine — 
a publication which is widely circulated among die leading Inisiness 
hou.ses of the United States? Mind, more than a dozen printing 
firms alone were featured in that journal, but only one. lone i)a])er 

20 



Judicious Advertising fur Paper Box Mannfacturcrs 

l)ox making company! Surely, this does not look well for the paper 
box industry as a whole. 

There is no reason at all why the paper box manufacturers should 
not use "printed salesmanship" in the same ])roportion as printers, 
paper manufacturers, photo-engravers, and others of the allied print- 
ing trades, ^'es. the time has arrived when the larger i)a])er box 
manufacturer must consider all the various advertising medimns now 
being used by manufacturers in other lines, including the lollowing: 

Trade Journal Advertising. 

Business Magazine Advertising. 

News])a])er Advertising. 

Poster and vSign Advertising. 

Direct-by-mail Advertising. 

Remembrance Advertising. 

Moving Picture .Advertising. 
In these da\s when a larger manufacturer of ])ackage goods is 
l)laiming a national advertising campaign for his product, particular 
attention is devoted to subjects like folding boxes, cartons, fancy 
])a])er boxes, and shi])ping containers. What kind of container> will 
the manufacturer decide upon for his new ])roduct it he has never 
seen a ])ai)er concern's advertisement? l'ossibl\- he ma\- decide 
upon (//a.sw jars, or //';/ boxes, for the merchandise, and xeoodcii boxes 
for the ship])ing containers. 

The paper box manufacturer should l)e in a ])osition to of^er other 
manufacturers exi)ert advice on every phase of ])ackage merchandis- 
ing, and this service should be em])hasized in all the box-maker's 
advertising. 'Phis advertising should be placed in trade journals, 
business magazines, newspapers, etc.. and should be ])lanned lo catch 
the attention of manufacturers, merchants, jobbers, dealers, adver- 
tising specialists, and ;ill others who are interestt'd in i)a])t'r boxes 
of anv variety. 

IXSI'IR.AI ION Nor Il.AKl) K) FIND 

There are so manv good things to say about ])aper boxe> that it is 
a comparatively easy matter to write an attractive, alluring adver- 
tisement about them. iMir exam])le. it does not re([uire a stretch of 
the imagination to write truthfully about the great economy and 
utility of corrugated, or solid fibre shii)ping containers. .And, when 
it comes to writing an advertisement about the selling (jualities of 
beautiful set-uj) paper boxes, one does not have to seek hard for in- 
spiration. Paper boxes of all kinds are a(la])ted to the most attrac- 
tive kind of (lis])lay advertising — more so than many other lines of 
]>ro(luct which are being constantly and nalitinall\- advertised. 

21 



Sales Siicjcjt'stions for Paper Box Manitfactiirfrs 



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An impressive "clouble-spread" display advertisement of a nationally known paper box 

manufacturing concern, which appeared in a recent issue of a 

prominent business magazine. 

22 



Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Alaniifactiirers 

We are not losing sight of the fact the many manufacturers of 
paper l)Oxes are advertising their prochict in trade journals such as 
those devoted to the confectionery industry, textiles, drugs, hosiery. 
etc. Some of the candy magazines seem to he overcrowded with 
box-makers' advertising, and many of the advertisements are beau- 
tifully illustrated in colors, featuring lectures of fancy candy boxes. 
This class of advertising has long proved its value to the box manu- 
facturers who are making use of it. but it is a medium of printed 
salesmanship that ought to be extended to many other trade journals 
in other fields. 

For instance, why would it not be a good plan for certain paper 
box manufacturers to advertise in the printing trade journals? Many 



Announcing Our New Line 



o 



UR new line embracing the latest in fancy candy boxes, also a complete 
line of folding candy boxes, bon bon cups, candy bags, sundae cups, 
paper doilies, gold seals, labels, etc. 



\ :\\\ ^TYir? 




The Pictorial Paper Products Corporation 



GENERAL OFFICES. AURORA. ILL 



An interesting double-column display advertisement of a paper box manufacturing firm, 
which api)eared in a recent issue of a magazine devoted to candy manufacturers. 

])rinters |)ack letterheads ruid other ])rinte(l matter in paper boxes. 
Many of the large printing concerns are using corrugated, or solid 
fibre shi])ping c(.ntainers. The great majority of printers, however, 
seem to be tollowing the ancient method ot 1)nndling printed matter 
witli ordinary wrapping ])a])er and twine, and here is a big ()])por- 
tunily for the ])aper box manufacturers to do some desirable propa- 
ganda work. 

One. only one. advertisement of a ]:)aper box concern was noticed in 
the trade journals devoted to the tobacco field. It was a remarkably- 
good adverti.sement in every ])articular. incorporating illustrations 
which show the time-saving advantages of corrugated filjre shipping 
cases. The text matter ex]:)lained how tobacco manufacturers can 
reduce their sliipping ex])enses. prevent I)reakage of package goods. 



23 



Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Mauufaclurcrs 



Is the small retail candy maker going 
to put the large manufacturing con- 
fectioner out o^ the package goods 
business ? 

Manufacturers of package goods depending up- 
on National distribution must either sell their 
goods over the retail counter at 60c a pound 
or go out o^ the package goods business. 

UNLESS 

The package that sells for $1,50 is so vastly SU' 
perior to the 60c package in appearance, that 
it will be worth $1.50 to the buyer. 

will sell your candy for you at 

$1.50 per pound 



R. C. TAFT CO., 223 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago 



\n interest ins lull page adverti.sement which ai)peartd in a candy-trarte magazine. 



24 



Judicious Jdvt'rtisiny for Paper Box Maniifcictiircrs 

and avoid pilfering claims by using filire containers instead of wooden 
boxes. This is the kind of advertising that brings inquiries and 
creates sales. 

A number of ])aper box manufacturers are specializing in suit 
boxes for merchant tailors, ready-made clothing concerns, depart- 
ment stores, retail clothiers, women's wear specialty sho])s. dress- 
makers, etc. The merchant tailors, for example, could be "reached" 
by display advertising placed in the trade journals devoted exclusively 
to their business, and the other interests mentioned could be "talked 
to" with advertising placed in trade magazines devoted to their par- 
ticular fields. Here is an o})])ortunity for the box-makers to advocate 
the use of a higher quality' of suit boxes thaia those which are now 
being used in most instances. 

Here. also, is a wonderful o])])ortunity for the pa])er l)ox luen to 
conduct direct-bv-mail advertising campaigns, designed to appeal to 
merchant tailor>. dressmakers, dealers in ready-made clothing, and 
others engaged in the clothing business. The direct-I)y-mail adver- 
tising mav include booklets, folders, form-letters, mailing cards and 
miniatm"e sani])les of the kinds of suit boxes referred to in the adver- 
tising matter. Ivach ])iece of advertising literature should follow 
soon after another. sa\- at monthly intervals. \\ hile the advertising- 
campaign is on in full swing, personal calls should be ma<le by sales- 
men. A great deal of new business will be developed in this way. 

Among the manv diflerent styles of paper boxes which deserve a 
special advertising campaign are decoratetl hat boxes such as arc 
now Ix'ing used bv a large num])er of progressive milliner>. The 
custom among milliners of placing an exi)ensive hat in a common 
paper bag is gradually passing, and il is now regarded as good taste 
on the ])art of a milliner when she ])nls a woman's bonnet in an 
artistic paper box. The large-size, round pajjcr boxes, covered with 
decorative ])a])er of ])rett\- colored patterns, are becoming more l)op- 
ular every day. 

.\ s])lendid opportunitN' here for some ])aper box manufactmx'rs to 
inaugm-ate a live-wire advertising cam])aign among the milliners. 
Attractive booklets, folders and mailing-cards can be made to ])ut 
the box-maker's message "across" to excellent advantage. Doubtless 
man\- of the luilliners who are now putting bonnets in paper bags 
can easil\- be persuaded to order su])])lies of high grade liat boxes. 
Dis])lay advertising in the milliners' trade magazines can also be 
made to sell (piantities of decorated ])aper hat boxes. 

Xot long ago the writer studied the pages of a well-known busi- 
ness magazine which circulates exclusively among the whoU'sale drug 

25 



Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Mannfaclitrcrs 



Bisler's Built Best Boxes 



49 Years 



G.A.BISLER.'Ic 

BEST 

CANDY 
BOXES 



Quality ^^'^ Service 

Plants in Three (Cities at ^ Our Ser\ice 



UKSIGNING and PROOIJCING 
DISTINCTIN K and POIHI.AR 

CANDY BOXHS 



<;KNKRAI. OFFICFS .and main PLANT: 

245.55 Norih r,,|, Str«i 

PHILADELPHIA 

NEW ■iORK KACrORV: PITTSKCRGII FACTORY: 

(iO-S2 ^Va^hinKloll Strtct 3rd Avtiiut and Rom Slreel 

BROOKLYN, N. V. PI ITSBL'RGH, I'ENNA. 



QUALLFY 
rilAT 

corN rs 



SERVICE 

riiAr 

SA IISFIES 



Good example of a jjuper box advertisement which aiJiieared in a business magazine. 



26 



Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Manufacturers 

trade. This journal carried a large amount of display advertising, 
and tucked away in one corner of a page was a small-size advertise- 
ment concerning folding boxes, cartons and pill and powder boxes. 
This was the only paper box advertisement in the entire magazine, 
and it was not interesting enough to accomplish much in the way of 
real sales work. 

Manufacturers of drugs and pharmaceutical preparations are using 
vast quantities of pill boxes, powder boxes, folding boxes, cartons, 
set-up boxes and shipjjing containers, and the demand for these lines 
is constantly increasing. In this field, particularly, the tendency is 
towards a better quality of paj^er boxes, and the box manufacturers 
themselves can help to further this tendency by advertising better- 
quality paper boxes in the trade magazines circulating among the 
wholesale pharmaceutical field. It is a field, in fact, that is open for 
a strong, direct-by-mail advertising campaign — a campaign designed 
to increase the demand for more attractive folding boxes, cartons, n 
j)ill boxes, and so forth. 

The magazines devoted to the jewelry trade contain ])ractically no 
advertising al)()ut pa])er boxes, and yet the more than 35.000 retail 
jewelers of the United States are large users of paper boxes of the 
set-up variety. Many of the smaller-size paper boxes, used for hold- 
ing scarf-jiins, bar-pins, society emblems, and other kinds of jewelry, 
are of excellent quality, and are consumed in large numbers. The 
large-size set-u]) boxes are general]}- used in the "gift (le])artment" 
of a jewelrv store, holding things like cut-glass, siK-erwari'. clocks, 
fancv china, and smokers' articles. 

The retail jewelry trade presents an in\iling field for any paper 
box manufacturer who is in a position to cater to tliat trade, and 
who will advertise his ])roduct in a way (hat will ap])eal to jewelers. 
The jewelry magazines offer an advertising medium which should 
not be overlooked by the ])aper Ixix makers. Direct-by-mail adver- 
tising literature, illustrating beautiful set-up boxes suitable tor jew- 
elry and accessories, should also hv distributed among the jewelry 
trade. 

MoviNc; picrrKi". .\in iki ising 

Moving ])icture .advertising could be used to advantage by some 
of the paper box manufacturers who are oi)erating model ])lants. 
The idea would be to have moving ])ictures taken of the various 
departments of the ])lant. sliowing the many ditTerent operations 
necessary to produce set-up boxes, folding boxes, fibre shipping 
containers, etc. "The Making of a Candy l>ox" would serve as a 
title for a moving picture reel ])hotographed in a factory devoted to 

27 



Sales Suyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

the manufacture of candy l)Oxes. Other interesting pictures of this 
class could he taken, designed to interest candy manufacturers, 
hosiery manufactin-ers and others who ])uy pajjcr hoxes for their 
products. 




Camel Cartons Cut backing CoSt, 
Sejton Fixed it So Ifo Times loft 



These scienlifically ilfsiKncd carl(in> >ave unluld mil- 
lions of hand operations at the Camel Cigarette Kar- 
tory every year 

Millions of these Camel cartons made and printed by 
Seflon in l)eautiful colors and perfect register i>rove 
the ability and dependability of Sefton service 
The next time yuu are thinking of folding carton- 
or corrugated shipping cases, there is just one thing 
to do — 



In thi- field »e ^rM' 

R. I Reynolils Company Wtyman Brulon Company 

Liegett t Meyet Tobacco Co Independent Snuff Company 

Spaulding t Merrick P Lorrillard Company, Inc. 

Geo W Helm Company 



We make lolding 



Meat Products 
Coffee. Tea, Si 
Butler, Ice Crc 



rugaled ,hip|ii 



Sendjor 

SEFTON 



Botllei 
Clothing 
Flower. 
Millmery 
Bread, Cake 




SEFTON MANUFACTURING CORPORATION. 1301 W 35th Street. Chicago— Also Anderson, Ind . and Brooklyn, N. Y 

A beautiful display advertisement, exploiting paper cartons for cigarettes, which 
appeared recently in a business magazine. 

28 



Judicious Advfrtisinij for Paper Box Manufacturers 

A moving picture of the kind suggested could be staged as an in- 
structive feature at a National or State convention of a business 
association, like the National Confectioners' Association, for ex- 
ample. The motion picture could also be shown along with other 
entertainment features at meetings, banquets and outings of busi- 
ness associations. In certain instances, a reel of this character could 
be show at local moving picture theatres as a general education 
proposition. It is safe to say that the average person would enjoy 
seeing a motion ])icture showing the various operations in a paper 
box factory. 

ADVKR'IISINC; Willi DISPLAYS AF CONVENTIONS 

Some of the leading manufacturers of pai)er boxes have adopted 
the plan of arranging attractive exhil)its of their products at national 
conventions of l)usiness associations, like the National Confectioners' 
Association, and these exhibits have always proved successful from 
an advertising standpoint. The exhibits are arranged in booths and 
Ijeautiful samples of ])aper boxes are featured, also samples of wraps, 
ribbons, and other decorative materials. 

Merelv by way of suggestion, it might be a good ])lan for a paper 
box manufacturer to install a miniature box-making plant in con- 
nection with one of the exhibits referred to. Why not a couple of 
cutting and creasing ])resses running in actual operation, and turn- 
ing out folding boxes or cartons? Certainly, an "industrial show" 
of this character would attract crowds of conventionites and would 
prove exceptionally interesting. It would also be practicable to 
have a small plant installed for making tine quality set-up boxes, in 
which case the blanks could be cut, scored and cornered in the reg- 
ular ])lant, onl\' the sta\ing and covering being done in the minia- 
ture factory. 

S()itvp:nir ADVKKrisixc; 

At a recent convention of candy manufacturers a number of paper 
box concerns distributed souvenirs consisting of beautiful paper 
boxes filled with fine confections, paper weights in the form of a 
miniature l)ronze Liberty Bell, sets of colored box wraps, memoran- 
dum books. telei)hone message pads, loose-leaf note books, folding 
rulers, blue pencils, and Eversharp pencils. At a banquet of the 
same Association additional souvenirs were given out by paper box 
manufacturers, including "Pal" pencils, fancy paper boxes filled with 
chocolates, pen and pencil holders for desks, unicjue paper weights 
and cigars tied with colored ribbons. 

(u)od-will advertising of this variety is always acceptable and is 
appreciated bv tlie recipients. The average conventionite thinks more 

29 



Sales Siigycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

of a useful souvenir than he or she thinks of something more ex- 
pensive, and the paper box manufacturers should pay more atten- 
tion to this class of advertising. Here is a couple of suggestions for 
souvenirs to be distributed at some big banquet: For the ladies, a 
beautiful, round, decorated paper box in the form of a work-box, 
filled with first quality bon bons. For the men, an odd-shaped, deco- 
rated paper box containing either good cigars or cigarettes. The 
manufacturers of fancy set-up boxes are naturally in a position to 



PIONEERS^ 



.EST I8T5 



v r ^ y ^ w A y ^ y ^ T ^ W A W w y ^ y A ^^^ ^^ T & N -^^^ ^^^^w^w^y^w ^ T ^ W A T A W ^ y ^ w 



TELEPHONE ^'^^^^ MAIN 6500 

CELLULAR CASES AND FOLDING 
CORRUGATED FIBRE BOXES 

Parcel Post and Shipping Containers 

For Freight and Express 

Everything of Corrugated Paper 




Corrugated Paper 

Cellular Board 

Carpet Lining 

Cellular Folding Freight Boxei 

Cellular Expreu Boxe< 

Bottle Packing 

Bottle Wrappers 



Bottle Boxes 

Silk Wrappers 

Inflexible Envelopes 

Photo Mailers 

Mailing Tubes 

Corrugated Combination Boxes 

Sq. Cornered Corrugated Carton 



Standard Sizes Car 



Stock 



THE THOMPSON &NORRIS CO. 




M.in Offic 


e and Work 




CONCORD & 


PRINCE 


STS. 


BROOKLYN, N. Y. 




Other 


F.c.orie. 




Boston, Mais- 


Brookv 


lie, Ind. 


Montreal, Csnsda 


Toronto, Csnadd 


London 


England 







The ideal box, combining the greatest strength 

with the lightest weight. Made of the T. & N. 

Cellular Board 



f,.9^W^W^W^W^9^W^W^W.W^W^WM.^^W^^jiWSWS^, 



This advertisement, which was featured in a prominent trade journal, was declared 
to have been fruitful of profitable returns. 




30 



Judicious Advertising for Paper Box Manufacturers 

invent gift l)oxes of original styles which could he sold to other 
manufacturers who may desire to distrihute such articles as souvenirs 
at conventions, l)anquets. outings, etc. 

REMEMBRANC E ADVERTISING 

Rememhrance advertising includes ])rinted matter such as pic- 
torial wall calendars, desk calendars, illuminated wall cards, hlotters, 
illuminated greeting cards, pencils, rulers, hook-marks, memorandum 
books, paper weights, and other useful novelties of this group. In 
numerous instances, the box manufacturers can produce these things 
in their own printing departments. Send the novelties to your cus- 
tomers and prospectives, and you are bound to gain compensation. 




31 



-^ CHAPTER III ]H*- 



UTILITY OF BEAUTY IN 
SET-UP BOXES 




-i«^Ri^ 



X \hv llud^on Ki\cr rt'cenlly onv of the great trans- 
atlantic liners was j)rei)aring to sail for I'^rance. Excited 
passengers were hnrrying aboard, and on the docks was 
a crowd of men. women and children awaiting to bid 
farewell to relatives and friends. It was an old and comnwnplace 
scene, and yet there is always something intensely interesting in 
watching a steamshi]) start otT on a long voyage. There is always an 
element of sadness in the pictnre. too. 

Among the last-minnte ])assengers to reach the main deck of the 
vessel was a beautifnl young woman of the dashing American type. 
In one hand she carried a big bunch of roses, and under her right arm 
was a pretty ])a])er box; heart shaped, covered with decorative paper, 
and tied with blue silk ribbon. Slowly the boat steamed down the 
river on its way to the Atlantic Ocean while the ])assengers stood 
upon the decks waving handkerchiefs, hats and other articles. The 
])retty girl referred to seemed to stand out more ])rominently than 
most of the other travelers. She occupied a graceful i)ositi()n at the 
railing, and as the boat gained speed she was seen to ])lace the heart- 
shai)ed paper box on the railing: o])en the lid. take out a piece of 
candy, and as she ate the piece of candy she lifted up the paper box 
and wa\ed it towards a certain young man standing on the wharf. 

It was a moving ])icture story without any words being necessary; 
The young man on the wharf had evidently given the girl that box 
of sweetmeats, and from all indications, she thought more of that 
gift than any of the other things in her possession at that time. It 
was a striking example of the utility of a beautiful ])a])er box. Doubt- 
less that girl took that gift box along with her to bVance. and ])rob- 
ably brought it back home when she returned. That ])a])er box by 
reason of its l)eauty was useful in more than one way. It was useful 
in helping the confectioner sell several pounds of expensive candy; 
it was useful in assisting the young man to show his regard for the 
girl; it was useful in making the girl happy on her long journey, and 

32 



Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes 

now, doubtless, the b(jx is still useful as a work-l)ox. jewelry case, 
or general utility box. 

In the average home can usually be found a lumiber of attractive 
paper boxes of the set-up type which originally had been used for 
holding candy, writing paper, linen collars, jewelry, toilet articles, 
neckties, handkerchiefs, stockings, hats, or other articles of merchan- 
dise. Women, particularly, delight in saving paper boxes of these 




Candy Box. Heart-shape, shouldered, e.xtension top and bottom, two Sold trims. 

Padded top covered with lithographed jiaper jjicturing beautitul flowers in colors. 

(By .lesse .Jones Paper lio.x Co.. Philadelphia. Pa.) 

kinds, and such containers are often used to advantage long after the 
original contents of the boxes liave In-en consumed. Every woman 
treasures beautiful i)aper boxes of the kinds that are used for hold- 
ing fine varieties of confectionery, and many a girl thinks more of 
such a box than she does of the candy in it. 

The utility of beautiful ])aper l)oxes is demonstrated every morn- 
ing on trains and trolley cars in the cities. Numerous women can 
be seen on the trains or trolleys using attractive pai)er boxes as 
lunch containers, work baskets, etc. The round and oval .shapes of 
.set-up boxes are exceedingly jxtpular with the tair sex as work- 
holders for knitting, embroidery and sewing. 'iMiese boxes usually 

33 



Sales Sucjgcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

come in 2-pound, 3-ixnind and 5-poiind sizes, and as a rule, are 
covered with lithographed paper having flower patterns in colors. 

THE BOX manufacturer's OPPORTUNITY TO SELL 

Never were there more favoral)le opportunities for the paper hox 
manufacturers to sell new ideas in paper hoxes than at the present 
time. The candy manufacturing held is jiarticnlarlv inviting, and 




Candy Box. Hexagon, shouldered, dome ioyi. (extension top and bottom, two gold trim.?. 

covered with white laid paijei. Beautiful floral design handpainted on top of lid. 

(By Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) 

there are many other promising fields including those devoted to 
stationery, writing paper, collars, handkerchiefs, garters, suspenders, 
jewelry, toilet articles, rul)l)er goods, face powders, and neckwear. 
Only a few of the hig fields for set-up paper hox manufacturers 
have heen mentioned in the ahove paragraph, hut enough have heen 
quoted to illustrate the point that new styles of stiff hoxes are con- 
stantly in demand. One of the largest candy manufacturing con- 
cerns in the world is now using more than 200 different styles of 
paper boxes for marketing its various lines of confections, and at 
frequent intervals, this concern is adding other new styles of set-up 
boxes to its already large assortment. Another well-known candy 

34 



Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes 

manufacturer is using nearly 50 different styles of paper l)oxes, and 
is continually planning additional numbers. 

Progressive manufacturers of package goods are always in the 
market for new and beautiful styles of paper l)oxes, and when some- 
thing exceptionally attractive in the way of a set-up box is offered, 
these manufacturers will not hesitate in buying it. The package 
goods field is so vast that it offers rich opportunities for every good 
box maker to develop new business, and it is a field that is growing 
larger every day. 

What the package goods manufacturers want and need more than 
anvthing else today is beautiful paper boxes — not "fiashy" paper 
boxes, but the kind that are aesthetically beautiful. We are not say- 
ing a word against the flashy styles of paper boxes, for they have 
their particular, use like everything else that is flashy in appearance. 
But we are speaking of the kinds of package goods which are de- 
signed to appeal to the refined class of liuyers. To sell goods of this 
character to the right ])e()ple it is necessary to pack the goods in beau- 
tiful paper boxes. 

There is quite a number of tilings which go to make a paper box 
beautiful, including the shape of the box, the quality of the paper 
products used in its construction, the design of the wra])per. the 
stvle of the printed matter on the box to]), and the decorative fea- 
tures, such as the ribbon, glassine i)aper. seals, string, etc. Vou can 
easily spoil the beauty of a shapely ])ai)er box by putting on a ribbon 
f)f the wrong color. A'ou can also make a 1»ox look cheap l)y trim- 
ming it with too much decorative material. ( )riginal designs for 
fancy paper boxes sliould be prepared by persons who thoroughly 
understand the principles of art. 

The time has come for ])a])er box manufacturers to sell beautiful 
set-up boxes for all kinds of package goods. Tlie plain, low-priced 
paper boxes are no longer in strong demand. 

HOW ONE BOX MANUFACTURER HELPI.l) A CONFECTIONER 
INCREASE SALES 

(3ne of the larger confectionery firms liaving a national distriliu- 
tkm of expensive brands of chocolates had been ex])eriencing difii- 
cultv in moving some of its fine package goods. This same line of 
chocolates had sold easily and heavily during the i)eriod of the World 
War. but soon after the war had closed the sales of these products 
rapidly diminished. The candy packages in question were in half- 
pound, one-])ound and two-pound sizes, and the line was carried in 
first-class drug stores, grocery stores, and other retail estal)lishments. 

35 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Alanitfacturers 

Many of the retail dealers began complaining to the confectionery 
firm about the goods being" hard to sell. In many instances the re- 
tailers returned packages that had remained on the shelves for 
months and demanded fresh goods in exchange for the old. Sev- 
eral of the retailers declared that the package goods referred to were 




Candy I!ox. Oblong, telescope type, extension top and bottom, covered with far.cy litho 

graphed and embossed paper. Padded top. Beautiful medallion 

in rich colors and gold attached to top of lid. 

(By ,Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) 

not as attractive as some of the other lines of boxed candy on the 
market, and for that reason these dealers refused to place additional 
orders for the slow-selling line. Said one ])rominent retailer to the 
general manager of the confectionery concern at fault: 

"It reallv does not pay me to handle your line of boxed goods as 
the sales are too slow. The (juality of your chocolates is excellent; 
I have no complaint to make on that score, but the packages are not 
.sufficiently attractive, 'inhere is the 'X' line, and the 'D' line. Both 
are .selling actively, and at higlier prices than your goods. Why? 
Because thev are packed in handsome packages. I know what I am 
talking al)out. b'very day 1 see j^eople enter the store. i)ass by the 
(lis])lav of vour goods, and then stop to buy either an 'X' or a 'D' 




Candy Box. Oblong, shouldered, extension top and bottom, covi iid with fine white 

laid paper. Padded top and beautiful design hand-painted on top of lid. 

Two white satin ribbons and double bows on top of lid. 

(By Jesse Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) 

36 



Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes 

package. Use attractive paper l)oxes for your chocolates and you 
will help us retailers to sell more of your product." 

It was the hlunt statement of that dealer that finally persuaded the 
confectionery firm to seek the advice of a certain paper hox manu- 
facturer who had earned a reputation for making exceptionally fine 
candy hoxes. This hox expert listened to the confectioner's tale of 
woe. and after a conference in regard to ])rices. time of delivery and 
other matters, the hox man promised to have a numher of samples 
ready by the following morning. 

The new samjjles, which were ready at the time mentioned, were 
real works of art. There were several standard sizes, and all of the 
sizes were made in the same style: Low. oblong; shouldered: wide 
extension top and bottom, padded toj) ; covered with Xile green ])a])er 
having an embossed, all-over pattern ; two gold edges. Tlie name 
of the chocolates was to be die-stamped in gold on the box to]), and 
the box was tied with silk ri])])on of the same shade of green as that 
of the covering paper. Tlie ribl)on was tied across the lid on an 
angle leaving a medium-size bow on toj) of the ])added lid at one end. 

So well pleased with these samples was the general manager of the 
confectionery firm that he immediately ordered large cpiantities of 
the various sizes. \\ ithin a month after the new style boxes had 
been delivered they were being packed and s]ii])])e(l. The retailers 
were delighted with the beautiful i)ackages. and they were not slow 
in arranging them in attractive window and store exhibits. Sales of 
the goods immediately increased, and soon the candy manufacturers 
were handling double the amount of business that they had been 
doing in the jiast. The entire problem of s])eeding u]) sales had been 
solved by the use of beautiful ])aper bo.xes. 

The writer was recently engaged in conversation with a well known 
druggist who is conducting one of those remarkal)le "general stores" 
where you can buy almost anything from a ])ostage stam]) to an 
electric cooking utensil. 'Phis druggist carries among manv otlier 
tilings a complete assortment of boxed candy, and he reported that 
the deiuand for attractive ])ackage goods is constantl\- growing. He 
recently bouglit a new stock of fine hard candies packed in decor.'ited 
pa])er boxes of artistic design. Window and store displavs of the 
new stock were arranged. In three days' titue more than loo of 
those packages were sold. 

'Tt was i)robably the colored silk riblion on the boxes that helped 
to sell the candy so rapidly." laughed the ajjothecary. "The public 
certainly 'fall" for a little ])it of color." 



37 



Salt's Suggestions for Paper Box Maniifactiirfrs 

CABINET BOXES FOR FINE WRITING PAPER 

Among the most accei)tal)le gifts for any intelligent man or woman 
is a cabinet box of writing paper, envelopes and correspondence 
cards. Fine writing paper is now being made in many ditTerent 
tints with envelopes and correspondence cards to match each tint. 
The paper, envelopes and cards are neatly packed in beautiful ])aper 
boxes, many of them being as large as i8x 12 inches, and equipped 
with hinged lids. 

Some of the larger manufacturers of writing paper are sjiecializ- 
ing in the j)roduction of the finest grades of boxed stationerv, and 




Candy Box. Square with round corners ; dome top, extension top and bottom, three 

gold trims. Covered with lithographed paper picturing flowers in colors. 

(By Jesse Jones Paper Bo.\ Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) 

many of the cabinet sets sell at retail for as high as $25 each. Pape- 
teries of this variety are sold in jewelry stores, stationery stores, art 
shops, drug stores, etc. In some instances the dealer's busines card is 
die-stamped on the box tops. Many of the j^aper boxes used for the 
cabinet .sets of writing paper are tied with satin ribbons. 

Paper boxes of this type are often covered with tinted paper to 
match the tint of the paper in the box, and the ribbons are of the 
same color. ()ne exceedingly attractive box was lined with shell-pink 
paper and was covered with rose-pink paper containing an embos.sed 

38 



Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes 

all-over pattern that suggested a basket-weave. The edges of the 
box and lid were trimmed with white glazed paper. The box w'as 
tied with narrow, rose-pink silk ribbon, leaving two rosettes on top 
of the lid. Another box of this same design and tint had a large-size 
ribbon bow on top of the lid. 

Other cabinet boxes were covered with delicately-tinted papers 
such as turquoise Ijlue. primrose, sea-green, corn, pearl-grey, cream 
and fawn. The dainty appearance of these boxes can easily be imag- 
ined. Papeteries of this magnitude appeal to the discriminating 
class of buyers, and are a])propriate for numerous gift occasions. 

The larger-size cabinet boxes are usually fitted with partitions, 
forming compartments for holding the various sizes of writing ])aper. 
envelopes and correspondence cards. In some cases are also com- 
partments for holding pens, pencils and blotters. 

Manufacturers of set-up paper boxes can readily make cabinets, 
or cases, of the kinds described in this article. Many of the leading 
stationers, as well as the manufacturers of writing paper, are always 
in the market for new-style pa])er ])oxes of this group. Beautiful 
cabinets of original designs can be sold in large quantities in the 
right field. It is a field, of course, that needs to be cultivated. 

The field for regular writing pa])er l)oxes is still larger. We refer 
to the telescopic style of boxes, size about () x 7}^ x 2 inches — the 
kind that is largely sold in department stores, drug stores and sta- 
tionery shops. Many of these boxes have telesco])e lids covered 
with fancy lithographed pa])er featuring colored ])ictures of pretty 
girls' heads, landscapes, marines and other ])leasing subjects. Large 
numbers of box-tojis are of tinted glazed pajx'r. and contain die- 
stamped designs instead of pictures. The better grades of boxes are 
lined with white paper. The die-stamped designs are usually done 
in several colors, although some are done in gold, silver, or a single 
color. 

\\ riting ])ai)er boxes offer the I)()X trade unlimited opportunities 
for introducing new effects in wrappers. ])ictures, embossed designs, 
and colors. The offset process of lithography is especially adapted 
to art color work for ]xi])er box wra])pers. including reproductions of 
oil paintings and water colored pictures. 

DE l.VXE PAPER B().\ES FOR FINE CONFECTIONS 

Practically all of the larger confectioners are using de luxe paper 
boxes for their highest grades of products, and the majority of the 
smaller manufacturing confectioners are also using boxes of this 
class for the convenience of their retail trade. We refer to beautiful 

39 



Sales Siiiiijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

art boxes, of various odd shapes, and made in two-, three- and five- 
I)Ound sizes. The shapes inckide round, oval, hexagon, octagon, 
heart and diamond. 

Boxes of this variety are packed by the kirger candy manufacturers 
and are then shipped to jobbers and retailers. The smaller manufac- 
turing confectioners, who oi)erate their own retail stores in addition 
to selling goods wholesale, generally use the de luxe boxes as calls 
for them come in their stores. The em|)ty boxes are kept in cabinets 




(.'aiKly Box. Oval, shouldered, dome top. e.xtension top and bottom, lour gold edges. 

Beautiful design of roses hand-painted on top of lid and covered with pink paper 

of a delicate tint. (By Jesse .Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia. Pa.) 

and show cases, and whenever an order is received for a special gift 
occasion, one of the art boxes is selected and is filled with fresh 
sweets. The buyer pays an extra sum. over the regular price of the 
candy, for the box. 

The de luxe boxes make exceedingly attractive window and store 
displays for confectioners, and are appropriate for numerous gift 
occasions in addition to the great holidays of Christmas. New Year. 
St. Valentine's Day, Easter and Thanksgiving Day. 

Some of the leading paper box manufacturers, who s])ecialize in 
the production of de luxe candy boxes, have quantities of popular 
numbers made up during slack periods in their factories, and have 
them put into stock ready for immediate delivery as orders come. 
There is a steady demand from the confectionery trade for the finest 
kinds of art boxes, principally in the two-, three- and five-pound 
sizes. 

Some time ago the writer enjoyed the privilege of visiting the plant 
of a nationally-known paper box manufacturing concern that is mak- 
ing a specialty of fine candy boxes. Several departments of this plant 

40 



Utility of Beauty in Set-Up Boxes 

are devoted exclusively to the production of de luxe candy l)oxes, 
and the writer spent consideral)le time in these departments where 
he saw the actual processes of making art hoxes of many ditlerent 
varieties. Among the most heautiful numhers were the following : 

Three-])ound square with round corners ; shotildered ; dome top ; 
three gold rims. Covered with lithographed paper picturing flowers 
in heautiful colors. Extension top and hottom. 

Three-pound heart-shape : shouldered ; dome top ; extension top 
and bottom gold trimmed. Covered with lithographed paper illus- 
trating orchids in natural colors. 

Two-pound oblong ; telescope type ; extension top and hottom ; 
])added top ; covered with fancy lithographed and embossed paper. 
Beautiful medallion in rich colors and gold attached to the to]i of the 
lid. 

Three-pound oblong; shouldered: padded top; extension top and 
bottom; covered with heavy white laid pa])er ; hand-painted spray of 
flowers on top of lid. Top trimmed with two white satin ribbons and 
double bows. 

Five-pound oval; shouldered; dtime top; foiu" gold trims; cov- 
ered with ])ink paper of a delicate tint; beautiful picture of roses 
hand-i)ainted on to]) of the lid. 

Three-pound hexagon; shouldered; dome top; extension top and 
jjottom; four gold trims; covered with white laid jiaper ; beautiful de- 
sign of flowers hand-])ainted on top of the lid. 

Two-poimd round; shouldered; doiue top; four gold edges; cov- 
ered with lithographed ])a|)er ])icturing an all-o\er ])attern of flowers 
in ])leasing colors. 

Illustrations of these seven difterent numl)ers are shown on images 

^<'^- ?>3- 34- 3'^*- 3'^- 4^^ 'I'l'l 4-- 

Only a few of the man\- different kinds of candy ])oxes being 
manufactured b\- ibc firm referred to have been mentioned. ])ut the 
brief descriptions will give the reader an idea of the s])len(lid work 
being done by this concern. All of the larger-size ])a])er ])oxes. and 
those having odd sha])es like the heart, hexagon and S(|uare with 
round corners, for example, are made entirely by hand. Special 
forms are utilized for making sha])es like the round, oval, heart, hexa- 
gon and octagon. The covering is done I)\' women wlio have bad 
long experience in this ])articular line of work. 

The tops and bottoms for odd-shaped boxes like the heart, oval, 
round, sc^uare with round corners, diamond, etc., are ])ro(luced on a 
cutting and creasing jiress with cutting dies made of steel cutting 
rules. The shape of each die is marked and sawed in a |)iece of 
laminated board of the necessarv size. 'J'he sawing is done with a 

41 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



power jig saw. The steel cutting rules are l)ent to tlie shapes desired 
and are then inserted in the crevices sawn in the laminated board. 

An extra-heavy doming press, heated by steam or electricity, is 
used for doming the tops for the larger size boxes. The tops are 
domed after the covering paper has been applied to them, so that the 
covering ])aper will l)e "ironed" smooth without showing wrinkles. 
The female die for a domed top is made of solid brass, and the male 
die. or counter die is made of any of the standard embossing com- 
pounds, like sodium silicate and carbonate of magnesia, for example. 




Candy Box. Round, sliouldered. dome top, extension top and bottom, three gold trims. 

Covered with lithographed paper having a beautiful all-over pattern of flowers 

in colors. (By .(esse .Jones Paper Box Co., Philadelphia, Pa.) 

Another method of doming tops for large-size paper boxes is as 
follows: After the boxes and lids have been covered and finished 
the boxes are laid out in rows on spacious tables. The lid for each 
l)ox is then inverted, and is laid upside dozm over the top edges of 
the box, A piece of muslin is dampened and is s]:)read over the inner 
side of the lid. A (juantity of fine l)uck-shot is then poured over the 
dampened piece of muslin inside the lid. The boxes and lids are then 
allowed to stand in this manner for several hours, the weight of the 
buck-shot causing each lid to dome as .shapely as though embossed 
with a male and female die on a hot press. 

42 



••^>C CHAPTER IV }<>• 



ATTRACTIVENESS WILL 
SELL GOODS 



-»«^»t> 




WL'FACrL'KKRS of paper boxes in general have an 
ini])ortant mission to perform, a duty which strange to 
sav has not yet been recognized by some of the paper 
box makers. This mission is nothing less than that of 
sludving and solving the merchandising problems of other manufac- 
turers who are selling package goods. In fact, this mission even ex- 
tends to large numbers of manufacturers who are not yet putting 
package goods on the market. 

It is true, of course, that many of the leading manufacturers of 
paper boxes are helping to solve the merchandising ]:)roblems of 
candy makers, hosiery manufacturers, wholesale jewelers, stationers, 
and other manufacturers l)y supplying such concerns with the right 
kinds of paper boxes, but it is likewise true that some box producers 
are not following the business-building i)ractice of suggesting new 
ideas to customers and prospectives. 

It lies within the power of the average paper 1)()X manufacturer to 
create thousands of dollars worth of new business for the ])roducers 
of merchandise such as confectitniery, writing i)aper, haberdashery, 
toys, toilet articles, rubber-goods, jewelry, tobacco, cigars, cake, per- 
fumes, stockings, handkerchiefs, novelties, fountain pens, etc. Only 
a few of the most ])opular lines of merchandise have I)een named to 
illustrate the great variety of fields which are open to all paper box 
manufacturers. II ow may the ])a])er box manufacturer hel]:) all of 
these other manufacturers? P)y suggesting new ways of selling, and 
by furnishing attractive containers for the different kinds of mer- 
chandise. vSoiue of the leading paper l)ox concerns are constantly 
doing promotion work of this character. 

A SIMPI.I-: IDKA III.\r SOl.n tons of fink (WNDV 

One of the well known confectionery firms was recently visited 
by a progressive manufacturer of set-u]) ]:)aper boxes who had a 
business-building plan to present. The box man was ushered right 

43 



Sales Siigyest'wns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

into the private office of the head of the tnrm as soon as that gentle- 
man learned that the hox man had an idciv to offer. This idea was 
simple enough, and yet the candy manufacturer admitted tliat he had 




THE -HAREM GIRL" 
Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. 

never thought of it hefore, and he was not slow in recognizing its 
selling possibilities. 

Here is the idea referred to : Two attractive paper boxes, each of 
the one-pound size, were to l)e filled with sweet-meats, and then 
were to be packed in a ])lain. inexpensive pa]:)er box. the whole to 

44 



A ttractivcncss Jf^ill Sell Goods 



be sold at retail as a "special combination" at a tempting- price. Fo*- 
example, one of tbe attractive paper boxes contained a pound of 
assorted chocolates, and the other Ixsx contained a pound (»f l)on-bons. 




THE -WIXTER GARDEN GIRL" 
Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Uox Co., St. Louis, Mo. 

The "special conil)inati(ins," with the lids of the common contain- 
ers remc'.'ed temporarily, were to be displayed in tbe windows and 
sales-rooms of retail stores. The special offer was to ])e advertised 
in the newspapers, and the ])lan was to be tried out only in the larg-er 
towns and cities where thousands of jiersons are fre(|uently l)uying 

45 



Sales Suyycst'wns for Paper Box Alanufactitrers 

candy. The name of the confectionery concern referred to is na- 
tionally known for qnality. and this would make the special comhina- 
tion box have a particularly strong appeal to all classes of candy 
buyers. 




THE ■TEXTURY ROOF GIRL" 
Carnival box top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. 

After the paper box expert had exhibited neat samples of the pro- 
posed styles of containers, and after he had minutely explained his 
selling idea, the candy man awarded him a large order for the three 
different kinds of boxes in question. Within the next three weeks 

46 



Attractiveness Will Sell Goods 



the special combination sets of packaged sweets were on display in 
retail stores of many large towns and cities. Several of the big 
department store concerns bonght extra heavy qnantities of the com- 




THK -PALAIS ROYAL GIKL" 
Carnival box top by tbi> .\L A. Urowii Pajier liox Co., St. Loui.-<. Mo. 

binations and featnred the sj)ccial offer in their dis])lav newspaper 
advertising. It is no exaggeration to say that the combinations sold 
like "hot cakes." Of course, the price of each comI)iiiati()n was 
modest, but every purchaser bought two l)oxes of candy instead of 
the usual ])ound-size l)ox, and this meant a (juick turn-over of many 

47 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



thousands of dollars for the confectionery firm. Moreover, it was 
excellent advertising for the candy concern. The fine quality of its 
product is now known to thousands of persons who in the past had 
not heen Imying this particular hrand of confectionery. 




THE ■HIPPODROME GIRL' 
Carnival box-top by the M. A. Brown Paper Box Co., St. Louis. Mo. 

The idea of packing two one-pound-size hoxes of candy in a ])lain 
paper hox is something new. and it is an idea that could be adopted 
by other manufacturing confectioners with profitable returns. The 
plain paper box protects the fancy paper boxes from possible injury 

48 



Attractiveness Ji^iU Sell Goods 

(luring- transit, and it also makes a neat and substantial package — a 
far JDCtter one than could be made by wrajiping two fancy paper 
boxes with ordinary wrapping paper. 

A NKW FIELD FOR PLAIN PAPER BOXES 

While the purpose of this chapter is to talk mainly about the selling 
qualities of beautiful pa])er boxes, yet we must not lose sight of the 
fact that the demand for plain paper boxes is constantly growing, 
and in luany instances the box manufacturers can make new business 
for themselves in this line by suggesting new uses for the ])lain i)aper 
boxes. 

At least a dozen of the larger manufacturing confectionery con- 
cerns are now using ])lain paper boxes as containers for their fine 
candv boxes. Every box of candy sent out by these firms is packed 
in a plain paj^er box of the necessary size. 'Phis is done, of course, 
to protect the edges, ribbons and wrap])ers of the fancy ])ai)er boxes. 
The plain jxiper boxes are made of a chea]) grade of ]:)ulpboard : the 
corners are strongly stayed, but no covering jjuper is a])])lied to them. 
A square-shape container of this kind is ust'd for holding a round, 
fancy box; an oblong is used for holding a fancy, oval box. The 
plain, oblong containers are also used for all styles ot fancy oblong 
boxes. The plain boxes are made in different sizes to ])rovide for all 
the different sizes of the fancy boxes. 

Anv paper box mamifacturer who is in a position to produce large 
quantities of the ])lain paper boxes should find it easy to gain orders 
for such boxes from manufacturing confectioners. In some cases 
it may l)e necessary to ])r()ve to a confectioner the advantage of 
packing; expensive paper boxes in plain ])a])er bo.xes. but it should 
not require a long argument. The retail dealers as well as the buyers 
of package candy will certainly appreciate the advantage of having 
beautiful paper bo.xes placed in substantial containers. 

^Iany other lines of package goods, like writing pa])er for example, 
should be i:)rotected by phxm ]>ai)er boxes. The wholesaler or the 
manufacturer should supplv the retailers who handle their goods 
with the plain i)aper boxes to protect the fanc\' ])ackages. 

NEW FIELDS FOR AITRACI l\ E PAl'I.K BOXES 

Printers and lithographers to some extent ru"e using ])lain. set-up 
]iaper boxes as containers for letter-heads, bill-heads, statements, 
business cards, etc. Usually. 500 letter-heads are i)acked in a box. 
Cards are also packed 500 in a box. It is a fact, however, that the 
majority of ])rinters and lithogra])hers are not using ])a])er bt)xes 
of any kind for their finished ])roduct. 

49 



Sales Siic/ycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



Why not attractive paper boxes for letter-heads, etc.? Good, sub- 
stantial boxes, covered with colored paper, and containing the print- 
er's or lithographer's business card on the lids? It remains for some 
progressive box salesman to visit the printers and lithographers and to 
boost the merits of attractive set-up paper boxes. 




The Delightful "Bruiutte" and 'Hlomle" Package of Stei)hen F. Whitman & Son. Inc., 

Philadelphia. 

Soft collars for the men folks are becoming more pojiular every 
day, especially during the hot weather season. All soft collars seem 
to be packed in indi\idual glassine envelopes. \\\\\ not a half-dozen 
soft collars packed in a good-looking ])aper box? it may lie possible 
for the ])aper box men to interest some of the collar manufacturers in 
this suggestion. vShow the collar mamifacturers a cc)m])lete dummy 
box having an ai)pr()])riate design or jiicture on its cover. 

"fL.ASHY" CAXDV B().\ES for t'AKNIVALS, FAIRS, ETC. 

Among the leading manufacturers of paper boxes who are suc- 
cessfully following the ])ractice of suggesting new selling ideas to 




Two Exceedingly Beautiful Round Boxes Used by Stephen F. Whitman & Son, Inc., 

Philadelphia. 

50 



Attractrccncs.^ If^ill St^II Goods 

customers and prospectives is the ^I. A. Brown Paper Box Com- 
pany, of St. Louis, Mo. This concern had a splendid exhibit of its 
products at a recent convention of the National Confectioners' Asso- 
ciation, including a wide assortment of lithographed box wrappers. 
Visitors to the exhibit were presented with useful souvenirs consist- 
ing of miniature Liberty Bells and complete sets of the M. A. Brown 
Company's special line of box wrappers to be used for candy boxes 
at carnivals, for fox trot contests, fairs, circus candy booths, etc. 

The box wrappers referred to are lithographed in six dilTerent 
colors, and the pictures and ornamental designs on them are em- 
bossed. vSome of the pictures represent scenes at a circus. There 
are also colored pictures of pretty girls, such as the "Trapeze Girl," 
the "Century Roof Girl," the "Winter Garden Girl.", the "Harem 
Girl," the "Hippodrome Girl," etc. These wrappers are designed to 
cover the lids of large-size, flat, candy boxes — the "flashy" kind of 
candy boxes that are sold at carnivals, fairs and other gala occasions. 
The boxes have individual compartments for each piece of candy. 
They also have extension tops and bottoms and are covered with 
colored paper to harmonize with the colors of the box-tops. It shcnild 
be understood that these wraps and boxes are designed exclusively 
for the purpose of ])leasing a certain class of trade — a Mardi dras 
crowd for example. They may not be beautiful, but certainly they 
are exceedingly attractive, and without question they "sell the goods." 

The M. A. Brown Pa])er Box Comi)any will supply manufactm-- 
ing confectioners with either the comi)lete carnival l)oxes. or with 
the lithographed wrappers separately. Some of the confectioners are 
specializing in package candies for carnivals, fairs, etc., and are using 
large quantities of the wrappers and, boxes mentioned. The .M. A. 
Brown Company is manufacturing all kinds of attractive set-uj) ])a])er 
boxes in addition to those described, and in many instances this con- 
cern is originating big orders for ]iaper boxes ])y suggesting new 
styles of paper boxes to manufacturing confectioners and other jiro- 
ducers of package goods. 

"je'cLAIR, rHE PACKAGE BEAUTIEI'L" 

The R. C. Taft Company, of New York and Chicago, recently de- 
signed a new style paper box for candy whicli was called "Je'Clair. 
The Package Beautiful." It was indeed a beautiful container, artis- 
tically trimmed with silk ribbon of a color that matched perfectly 
the color of the box, and it was sold in large (juantities to manufac- 
turing confectioners. The R. C. Taft Company is continually pro- 
ducing new things in the way of beautiful paper l)oxes. but of course 

51 



Salt's Siiciyt'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



this company advertises the new things immediately as they are read\' 
for the market. Without the proper advertising, new things hke the 
'"Je'Clair" hne woukl not prove highly successful. 

Paper hox manufacturers in general should use more advertising 
than they have keen using in the past. The kusiness magazines ot+er 
one of the l)est advertising mediums for the kox-makers. With the 
husiness papers you can often talk to an audience that could l)e 
reached bv no other form of magazine advertising. Direct-hv-mail 




The Popular "l'le;i8ure Island" Package by Ste|)lien K. Whitman i^ Son. Inc.. 

Philadelphia. 

advertising, like catalogues, booklets. sam])le sets of wrappers, etc., 
can also he used hv ever\ ])aper hox manutacturer to excellent ad- 
vantage. 

jwo c■.\.\l)^ Hoxi.s iii.Ai" ii.A\i. M.ADi': hk; mrs 

The beautiful cand\- packages wliich are being distributed all over 
the world by v^te])hen l'\ Wliitman «!<; v^on, of Philadelphia, are 
familiar to the public in general. Why? Because the Whitman pack- 
ages are (lisi)layed in the .show-rooms and windows of retail stores 
in many ditTerent ])arts of the world. So wide is the distribution of 
these goods that you can stroll the business section of j^ractically any 
town or citv and see a number of store windows containing exclu- 
sive di.splays of them. This statement applies to many foreign coun- 
tries as well as to the L'nited States. 

The \\ liitman line of ])ackage goods consists of a wide variety of 
beautiful ])a])er boxes filled with special selections of chocolates and 
confections. Some of the boxes are round in shape and have prett}' 
pictures in colors on their lids. ( )thers are of oblong tyix\ with ex- 

52 



Attyucti-ccHCSS fVill Sell Goods 

tension tops and l)ottoms, and are trimmed with silk ril)l)()ns. Others 
still are of oblong form and are equipped with hinged lids. There is 
about a dozen different styles of these packages which have become 
extremely popular, and among these are the Whitman's "Sampler." 
and the Whitman's "Pleasure Island Chocolates." Any paper box 
manufacturer may gain ideas for new business by studying the mer- 
its of these two remarkable ])aper boxes. By originating new types 
of paper boxes that would have the "human interest appeal" like that 
possessed by the Whitman ])ackages. the box manufacturer will have 
no difficulty in getting all the business that he can handle. 

The Wdiitman's "v^ampler" is designed to contain ten different 
kinds of chocolates and confections, selected from ten of the most 
]K;])ular Whitman ])ackages. The "vSami)ler" is a one-pound-size, 
flat, oblong box. shouldered and equipped with a hinged lid. Inside 
the box are a numl)er of trays of different sizes to hold the different 
kinds of candv referred lo. Roth the box and the lid are covered 
with lithograi)hed ])ai)er having a samjjler design in colors — that i-, 
a reproduction of a ])iece of ornamental needlework like grand- 
mother used to make. The bottom of the box, as well as the sides 
and to]\ are covered witli this lithographed ])aper. The effect is 
verv artistic. The beauty and utility of these containers are so great 
that thousands of women use them as work-boxes after the sv^'eet- 
meats have been consinned. The design of this box is patented. 

The Whitman's "Pleasure Island" box is a one-pound size, of 
high, oblong shape like that of an old-time treasure chest. It is 
ecjuii^ped with a Hat, hinged lid. The hinge is made of muslin. ( )n 
the inside of the lid is a panel of box-board, covered with white 
])aper, this i)anel serving to make the flat lid stronger. Inside the 
box are three tra\'s, two >(|uare ones at the bottom, and an o])long 
one above. The lid and sick's of the box are covered with litho- 
graphed paper having colored pictures ot scenes .suggested by Robert 
Potiis Stevenson's famous book on "'Preasure Island." Kindly note 
that the W'hitman's ])ackage is called "Pleasure Island," not "Treas- 
ure Island." This design is also ]xitente(l. 

Upon opening the "Pleasure Island" chest the buyer tirsl tnids a 
tempting assortment of chocolates in the oblong tray at the toj). 
When this trav is r(.'ino\ed. the buver then tinds two small sacks 
hlled with chocolates, each sack placed in a s(|nare tray. The idea of 
the sacks, of course, is to suggest monev bags, like one would ex])ect 
to see in an old ])irate's treasure chest. Xo wonder that the tbou- 
-ands of ]:)ers()ns who are bnN'ing these packages are delighted over 
them. The "Pleasure Island" ])ackage made an instant hit as soon as 
it was i^laced on the market because it was uni(|ue as well as attractive. 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

The Whitman's hne is being nationally advertised, principally in 
the standard magazines, and illustrations of the popular Whitman 
packages are incorporated with the advertisements. This national 
advertising is linked with handsome window displays of Whitman's 
packages in all parts of the country. The company supplies the retail 




V^- 



The "fiiilv ni I', t t'eption" Package of Stephen F. Whitman & Son, Inc., Philadelphia. 

dealers with c()m])lete window trims, consisting of empty containers 
and advertising cutouts. The main cutout is of large size, and is 
lithogra])hed in colors, forming an attractive background for the dis- 
play of packages. 

National advertising of this magnitude is bound to sell the goods. 
The retail dealers are anxious to handle nationally advertised lines of 
merchandise, j^articularly l)eautiful package goods, because sales-win- 
ning window and store displays of such things can easily be arranged ; 
new patrons are drawn to the store, and they often buy other articles 
in addition to the packages in question. 

Many of the paper box manufacturers are capable of planning 
complete advertising campaigns for confectioners, hosiery makers 

54 



Attractiveness JVill Sell Goods 

and other manufacturers — advertising campaigns which would in- 
clude out-of-the-ordinary window and store display of packages. 
Empty paper hoxes are used for such displays, and for this purpose 
alone the hox manufacturers could sell thousands of fancy paper 
hoxes. 

New ideas for window trims, featuring beautiful paper hoxes, are 
wanted by many large manufacturers of package goods. The box- 
maker who is in a position to plan such exhibits should offer his 
ideas to advertising agencies as well as to the manufacturers direct. 

PAPER BOXES THAT ARE WORKS OF ART 

In the following paragraphs brief descri])tions are given of some 
of the beautiful paper boxes now being used by Stephen F. Whit- 
man & Son. All of these boxes have proved successful in selling to 
the highest class of the confectionery trade. 

Large-size round box; shouldered; extension top and Ijottoiu; cov- 
ered with white glazed paper; and containing two colored i)ictures of 
blue birds on the lid. "The simplicity of beauty" is clearly expressed 
l)y the appearance of this box. 

Medium-size flat, oblong box, aptly called the "Pink of Perfec- 
tion." Shouldered, and containing nine separate trays ; extension 
top and bottom; covered and lined with fancy pink paper. Cover 
trimmed on one corner with ribbon and bow of ])ink silk. Whitman's 
name, trade-mark and a plain, heavy rule Ixirder ])rinted and em- 
bossed in gold on the box-top. 

Medium-size round box; shouldered; covered with white glazed 
pa])er ; extension toj) and I)()tt()iu; two gold edges. Wlutman's name 
and trade-mark printed and emijossed in gold on the cover. Lid 
decorated with ribbon and double bow of light-blue silk. 

Medium-size round box; shouldered; extension to]) and bottom; 
two gold edges; covered with lavender paper. Beautiful picture of 
orchid in natural colors on the lid. Decorated on the side with 
lavender silk ril)bon and bow. 

Large-size round box; shouldered; side covered with white glazed 
paper; extension to]) and bottom; two gold edges; side-view picture 
of pretty girl's head, with dark hair, in colors, on the lid. 

Large-size round box; shouldered; side covered with while glazed 
j)aper ; extension to]) and bottom; two gold edges. vSide-view of 
])retty blonde girl's head, in colors, on the lid. 

These are the kinds of candy ]^ackages that the men buy for tlieir 
best girls, and the girls buy them also. These are the kinds of ])a])er 
boxes that all matuifacturing confectioners need in their business. 

55 



•^ CHAPTER V ><• 



NEW FIELDS 
FOR FOLDING BOXES 



-«ic<'3SV»»' 




\'.\\ tU'lds lor loldiiii;' boxes and cartons are open on 
e\ery side for ])ro<^rcssive pap.er box mannfactnrers who 
are willing to enter them — new fields of tremendous pro- 
portions, rich in virgin soil, and ready for immediate 
planting. The old helds are by no means overworked, and are grow- 
ing more productive every day, l)nt llie new helds otter still greater 
possibilities for business. 

The new-school paper box manutacturer is one who is capable of 
developing entirely new lields for his product. Me tlrst carefully 
selects a ])r()mising lield tor tolding ])oxes or cartons. Me then 
"tills the soil." and plants good "seeds," by means ot advertising 
and salesmanshi]). Xew business in the wav of orders tor folding 
boxes and cartons soon s])rings up, and it then becomes necessarv 
to "cultivate" the new business by giving the ctistomers who ])lace 
the new business prodtict and service of the highest order. 

Stud}' the working methods of the modern farmer: \\']K'ne\er he 
l^lants a new line of i)rodtice in a new held he devotes ])articular care 
and attention to the new field. Me studies the nature of the soil, 
and often he changes the condition of the soil to meet tlie retjuire- 
ments of the plants that are to be grown. So it is with the modern 
American business man. Me never tackles a new selling field ])efore 
he is fully pre])ared to work it to the limit of his resotirces. 

It has been well said that a man can make a great business success 
of a modest peanut stand if he will give the right attention to such a 
btisiness. By the way, why not have peanuts packed in attractive 
folding boxes? We mention this in lighter vein, but there may be 
something in the suggestion just the same. 

Only a comparatively few manufacturers of folding boxes and 
cartons seemed to have recognized the large number of new fields for 
their product which aboimd in all directions. These mantifacturers 
Usually have busy plants when man_\- other ])a]:)er box makers are 
waiting for orders. These manufactiu'ers are always "on the job," 

56 



Nc'zv Fields for Fold'nuj Boxes 

planning new things in folding boxes and cartons for concerns that 
may never have nsed snch things before. In not a few instances cer- 
tain box concerns have gained exceedingly large orders nierel\' Iiy sng- 
gesting desirable changes in old-style paper boxes. 

Any live manufacturer of folding l)oxes or cartons is ca])able of 
opening new markets for his i)rodnct by suggesting new uses for 
paper boxes to manufacturers in general. At the ])resent time htui- 
dreds of different lines of merchandise are being sold in loose form in 
retail stores, and practically nil of this merchandise could be ])acked 
to advantage in folding Ixixes. 'I'he box-maker, by studying the 
great variety of mercliandise on display in the big department stores, 
can see manv an op])ortum'ty for folding boxes. Whenever you see 
a good article on sale in a store that could be packed to advantage in 
a folding l)ox. go after the manufacturer of that article and sIkuv 
him a sample of the ])a])er box wliich vou think should be used for 
his goods. Do not fail in making yom" sam])les attractive. 

Pretty pictures, beautifully colored, and handsome ty])ogra])hic 
forms printed in colors, lia\f much lo do in making a folding box 
attractive. 'I'he old-time folding boxes and cartons were plain and 
far from being ])leasing to the eye, but many of the new-st)le pa])er 
l)oxes are fine specimens of the ])rinting art. The time has arrived 
when it is necessary for the ])aper box manufacturer to i)ay closer 
attention to the ])rinted matter that i> placed on folding boxes and 
cartons. With tlu' ru'd of good color ])rinting it is possible to make 
a ])lain. low-priced carton, or a folding bo.x. exceptionall\' attracti\e. 

Xo other manufacturer has a stronger selling argument to otter 
citstomers and ])rosp('cti\('s than the manufacturer of folding boxes, 
and every ])oint in this argument is absolutely true. I'^or instance: 
Folding boxes are inex])ensive : the\- help in kee])ing merchandise 
fresh, and ]:)revent it from bt'coming soiled ; they make it easy for 
the dealer to keep account of stock, and the\- hel]) the dealer in 
handling sales cpiickly ; folding boxes, liandsomeK- ])rinted. help the 
dealer in making attractive window and store disi)lays: folding boxes 
hel]) the manufacturer in ])romoting a national market for trade- 
marked goods; folding boxes hel]> the buying ])ublic in keeping 
\arious articles of merchandise fresh and clean in tlu' home. Here 
are the rough notes for an argument that ought to be the means of 
selling many a manufactiu"er a large (piantity of folding boxes. 

The facts mentioned in the remaining portion ot this chapter con- 
cern several uses for folding boxes, and the reader is kindly asked 
to study these facts from a student's ])oint of view with the idea of 
thinking oiu other new fields for folding boxes. vSome of the facts 
may not be new to the reader, but possiblv they will lead up to other 

57 



Sales Suggestions fur Paper Box Manufacturers 



suggestions of a busiiiess-bnilcHng character. Xow is the time for 
paper l)Ox manufacturers in general to sell their product in new fields, 
but at the same time the old fields should not be neglected. 

FOLDING BOXES FOR ICE CREAM 

Folding paper boxes for l)ricks of ice cream are com])aratively new. 
and are now being successfully used l)y several of the larger ice cream 
manufacturers. These boxes are made in pint and (|uart sizes, and 




Oiif of the new model folding bo.xes for holding a brick of Ice Cream. 
The advertising advantage of such a box is obvious. 

are made in two different shapes — s(|uare and oblong. The name 
of the ice cream manufacturer and other advertising matter is printed 
on the flaps and sides of the box. The bricks of ice cream are first 
neatly wrapj)ed in butter-wrapper ])aper. and the bricks are then 
placed in the folding bo.xes. 

The ]:)rinted matter for one line of the folding boxes referred to 
includes stripes running vertical on the sides of the boxes. This 
])rinting is done in lavender on manila stock and the eifect is de- 
cidedly interesting. The printed matter, particularly the stripes, 
.seems to ])ut these boxes out of the ordinary class of folding boxes, 
and it is a fact that these boxes have hel])ed in increasing sales of the 
ice cream contained in them. 

58 



Nezv Fields for Folding Boxes 

Large numbers of druggists, grocers, cigar dealers, confectioners, 
etc., are handling the various makes of Ijrick ice cream referred to, 
and before the advent of the folding boxes it had been tiresome 
work for the dealers to sell the frozen delicacy in loose form. Often 
during the hot weather months customers would have to stand in line 
waiting for the dealer or his clerks to measure the ice cream. It was 
slow and unpleasant work for all concerned, and frequently a patron 
would receive either short measure or over measure, as it was diffi- 
cult to s])oon and ])ack exactly the right quantity in everv case. 
Valuable time was lost by ])oth the dealer and his customers. 

The new method of packing the bricks of ice cream in folding 
boxes not only saves time for the dealer and his ])atrons, but also 
insures the correct measure for each customer. The buyer asks for 
a pint, quart, or for several joints and quarts of ice cream, and the 
dealer sim])ly opens an ice chest, lifts out the required inimber of 
boxes, wra])s the boxes in a sheet of pai)er, and then liands over 
the ])ackage to the buyer. Xo longer is it essential for a group of 
worried patrons to stand waiting while the dealer tries to till glass or 
china dishes with the right portions, of loose ice cream. 

Many of the larger manufacturers of ice cream are not yet using 
folding boxes for I)rick ice cream, but are literally waiting for some 
enterprising box-maker to call and sell them on this idea. ()ut-of-the- 
ordinary sha])es, and attractive designs for printing, will help greatly 
in landing a big order for ice cream containers. 

THl". SKLLINCJ MiyillODS OF ONE Sl'CC KSSFCL 
P.APKR BOX MANUFAC rrKI.K 

One of the leading manufacturers of folding boxes, cartons and 
advertising novelties is following modern methods of selling whicli 
could be ado])ted by many other ])aper box manufacturers with good 
results. The box man referred to has been successful in selling 
new lines of his paper products to numerous manufacturing con- 
cerns that previously had not used such materials, and in most cases 
business was ])rocured after he had called on the manufacturer and 
presented his ideas. 

Not so long ago this box-maker sold a baking company a large order 
of folding boxes, handsomely printed in three colors, to be used for 
marketing a s])ecial brand of cake. That brand of cake met with such 
a hearty rece])tion in grocery stores, delicatessen stores, etc.. that the 
bakers decided to ])ut out several other kinds of cake, in i)ound sizes, 
and packed in individual folding boxes. Today this baking concern 
is marketing some half-a-dozen different kinds of cake, all packed 
in i)aper boxes, and all are having heavy sales. 

59 



Sa/i's Sugiji'stions for Paper Box Manufaclitrcrs 

This lx)x manufacturer has originated various kinds of folding l)oxes 
for medicine hottles, toilet water bottles, soaps, tooth ])rushes. tubes 
of tooth paste, and other merchandise of this variety. He has also 
originated a large number of advertising novelties of the paper cut- 
out grouj), some of them in the form of ()(ld-sha])ed folding boxes. 
Practically all of the cutouts were sold to large manufacturers who 
distributed the cutouts among their customers and i)r()spectives in 
the forni of good-will a<lvertising. Some of this reiuembrance ad- 
vertising ])roved unusually successful, especially a cutout of a com- 
bination "bunny" and blaster basket which was di^tributcd by a 
])rominent baking company. This cutout wa> printed in two colors 
— tint brown and black — on light-weight stock, and wlien coni])]eted 




One of the I'opulai- Styles of Folding Boxes Used for Holding a Tube of Shaving Cream. 

each cutout formed a small-size tapered basket with the figure of a 
white rabbit standing up at the back part of the basket. 'Phe cutout 
was of one ])iece of stock, folded on two sides and the two side ends 
j)asted together, thus forming the basket. 

Several hundred thousands of these advertising no\eltii's were dis- 
tributed by the I)aking company to the homes of customers and pros- 
l)ectives during the week ])reccding the blaster .season. The kiddies 
were delighted with the cutouts and made ])roper use of them by 
hlling the paper baskets with straw and candy eggs. The baking 
concern received hundreds of requests for additional copies of the 
novelties, and all of sucli recjuests were granted of course. The nov- 
elties were inex])ensive. but what made them so ])o])ular was their 
unicjue sJKqie and pleasing appearance, .\notlier thing, cutouts of 
exactly the same kind could not be bought in stores, and that made 
the combination Kaster bunny and basket a genuine noveltv despite 
its low cost. 

Cutouts of this same variety can easily l)e made and sold by any 
manufacturer of folding boxes. Special paper novelties, in the way 

60 



Nezv Fields for Fold'incj Boxes 

of odd-shaped folding boxes, and printed in l)right colors, can be 
made to provide for all the different holidays of the year. Original 
novelties of this gron]:) can often be sold in large quantities to manu- 
facturing concerns who know the value of good-will advertising. It 
remains for the pa])er box manufacturers to originate and sell the 
ideas for new things in folding boxes, cartons and advertising nov- 
elties. 

FOLDIN(; HOXKS F(JR BOOKS, CATALOGUES, MAGAZINES, ETC. 

Several well-known ])a]X'r box manufacturing concerns are special- 
izing in })atented fonus of folding boxes to be used for mailing- 
books, catalogues, magazines, etc. The boxes are tuade to order to 
suit the particular size of a publication, and the fronts of the boxes 
are printed in the usual manner. Xo wra])|)ing ])a]K'r or labels are 
needed when mailing books, catalogues, etc., in these patented fold- 
ing boxes, as the addressing is done on the fronts of them. Labels, 
howe\i'r, ma\- be u>ed if desired, biu no wrapping ])apc'r or string are 
needed. The bo.x folds tightly at two ends: firmly holds the })ub- 
lication, and ])revents the edges of the pul)lication from becoming 
damaged in transit. 

Tvarge (juantities of these mailing boxes are purchased by book 
and magazine publishers, advertising agencies, mailing concerns, and 
by many manutactiu'ing concerns for mailing out copies of general 
catalogues. vSome ot the orders tor folding boxes to be used for 
catalogues run from lo.ooo to so.ooo, and e\en higher. The field 
for mailing boxes of this class is constantly ex])anding. There is 
])lenty of room for new ideas in this line. 

now lOLDixc; ho.xes helped a xaiio.xal ai)\ i.riisixg 

CAMPAIGN 

The manufacturers of a po])ular brand of toilet soap recently con- 
ducted a national advertising campaign which subsecjuentlv was the 
means of selling thousands of dollars' worth of the soap in (juestion. 
Displav advertising concerning the merits of this soap was carried in 
])rominent magazines and newspa])ers, and with each advertisement 
was incorporated a coui)on. I'pon presenting a cou])on and ten cents 
at an}- store where the soap was carried, the ])urchaser was entitled 
to two cakes of the soap. The newspaper and magazine advertising 
was linked u]) with window displav adxertising in towns and cities 
throughout the country. The window displays were j^lanned and 
fm"nished b\- the soap manufacturers, and were shown l)y a great 
nuniljcr ot retail storekeepers. 

ivich window display was made up of a large-size. lithograi)hic- 
ctilored cutout which formed the l)ackground. and of a considerable 



Sales Siiyyestions for Paper Box Mannfaetiirers 

number of bars of soap packed in folding boxes and cartons. The 
folding boxes were printed in two colors and contained individual 
cakes of soap. The cartons were also printed in two colors, and each 
carton contained a dozen of the boxed cakes of soap. The folding 
boxes and cartons were arranged in such a wav as to make an ex- 



i \\ 



i 



Ml 



(i^iy'' 





EAT 



rj^^^^ 



libertV 

BUTTER-KRl^^ 

french vienna 
breao 




Cutout of a Conibiiiation Easter liaskit ami Rabbit that iiuule a big hit as an 
advertising novelty. 

ceedingly interesting window trim. Some of the small-size paper 
boxes were shown with opened ends revealing the contents tempt- 
ingly. 

Several of the larger jirinting and lithographing companies, who 
are operating cutting and creasing departments in their plants, are 
planning complete advertising campaigns, like the one just referred 
to, for great merchandising concerns. In not a few cases the adver- 
tising campaign includes colored posters for stores and bill-boards, 
colored street car cards, colored cutouts for window displays, and 
also folding boxes and cartons printed in colors. The printing and 
lithographing concern planning such a campaign naturally receives the 
orders for the different kinds of paper products mentioned. 

62 



New Fields for Folding/ Boxes 

FOLDING BOXES FOR MEDICAL TABLETS 

The increasing uses for folding l)Oxes is clearly illustrated by the 
fact that many of the standard l)rands of medical tablets are now 
packed in folding boxes in addition to being packed in glass bottles. 
One brand of Aspirin tablets, for example, is now being sold in both 
paper boxes and glass bottles. One dozen tablets are packed in a 
small folding box. Larger quantities of the Aspirin are ])acked in 
l)ottles, and the bottles are then placed in folding boxes of the 
proper size. Both the small-size and the larger-size paper l)oxes for 
the Aspirin are printed in colors. 

The pharmaceutical field offers unlimited possibilities for manu- 
facturers of folding boxes and cartons. 

FOLDING BOXES FOR TOOTH PASTE, SHAVING CREAM, ETC. 

Other successful advertising campaigns which were recently con- 
ducted in a large way featured tooth paste and shaving cream. The 
tooth pastes and shaving creams are put into metal tubes which in 
turn are packed in folding boxes. About a dozen of the folding 
boxes containing the tubes are packed in a carton. Merchandise of 
this group is becoming more popular every day. and no wonder 
when we consider the old-time methods of selling tooth jiowder and 
shaving soap in loose form. Tlie modern methods ol tubing tooth 
paste and shaving cream, and of packing the tubes in attractive 
folding boxes, are meeting with great favor among the buying jniblic. 

The numerous new lines of tooth paste, shaving cream, cold cream, 
toilet preparations, headache salves, and other tubed materials of this 
variety, have opened entirely new fields for folding boxes and car- 
tons. Think of the millions of paper boxes which are now being 
used for these new-style prejiarations. where only a few years ago 
you bought things like shaving soap in absolutely "nude" form. In 
these days even a bar of common soa]:) is packed in a neat folding box. 

The majority of manufacturers of tooth ])astc. shaving cream, 
toilet preparations, etc.. have learned bv ex])erience that it i)ays to 
pack the tubed goods in attractive folding boxes. Xot all of the 
tubed lines of merchandise, however, are ])acked in folding Txjxes. 
and here are glowing opportunities for the box-makers to build new 
business. Visit some of the first-class drug stores and nt)te the 
number of tubed prei)arations which are not ])acke(l in folding boxes. 
Buy samples of such goods. Take them to the factory and plan 
attractive containers for them. Also plan cartons for holding the 
smaller-size boxes. Do not neglect to have the ])rinted matter, or 
rather the "layouts" for the ])rinted matter, done in pleasing, colorful 

63 



Suit's Suyycstions for Paper Box Maniifcicturcrs 

style. Then get busy with the inanufactiirers who duyht to he using- 
the proposed paper l)oxes. 

A CASE IN POINT 

B\)r a long period a certain manufacturer of a hair tonic had been 
marketing the pre])aration in plain glass hottles without using fold- 
ing boxes for holding the l)t)ttles. Time came when an enterprising 
box-maker visited the hair tonic man and suggested a bottle of more 
graceful shape than the one being used, and also suggested that the 
bottles be inclosed in neatly-printed folding boxes. The l)ox-man 
had a sami)le of the new-style bottle suggested, and a dummy of the 
new folding box in (juestion. The hair tonic maker was a hideboimd 
individual, and while he liked the idea of the sha])ely bottle, he could 
see no reason for ])acking the bottles in ]>ai)er containers. The box 
manufactin-er was a real salesman, nevertheless, and during the course 
of argmnent he spnnig the strong i)oint of the paper boxes keeping 
the bottles and labels ])erfectly clean while the bottles stood for a long- 
time on the shelves of stores. It was i:)r()l)al)ly this point that finallv 
sold the man on the folding box idea, but the suggestion /';; re the 
new-st}le bottle also helped. 

F()LI)I\(; HOXI.S I'OK JARS OF C OMIM.KXION C'KK.AMS, I':T(\ 

vSome ot the expensive lines of complexion creams, salves, etc.. are 
not only packed in art glass or china jars, but the jars are packed in 
beautifully colored paper l)oxes. One of the boxes referred to is 
lithograi)hed in colors, the completed design suggesting ])ur])le satin 
ribbon tied around the 1k)x. There are also pictures of flowers in 
natural colors. Another paper box (tf this tyjje is delightfully printed 
in the oriental style of covering, the design ])icturing flowers of dif- 
ferent species. These facts are mentioned to illustrate the possi- 
bilities ol hue color j)rinting for folding boxes of thi> \arietv. 

SlCXiKSlKI) IMPKO\ KMF.Xr FOR FASIFR V.i]i] BOXES 

The average reader would be astonished were he to learn of the 
actual num1)er of Easter egg folding boxes that are used throughout 
the country every year. Many of the larger candy manufacturers 
buy many thotisands of such boxes every year ])receding the Easter 
holidays. We refer to the well-known line of folding boxes used for 
holding decorated chocolate eggs which sell retail for 25c. 50c. 75c. 
$1. $1.50. $2. $3. and $5 apiece. Paper boxes are also made for 
candy eggs .selling at 5c. loc, 15c. and 20c apiece, but this chapter is 
more concerned over the various sizes of boxes used for holding the 

64 



Nezv Fields for Folding Boxes 

higher-priced eggs, such as the sizes used for the 50c. 75c, $1. etc. 

The same old-fashioned printed designs that have been seen on the 
Easter egg boxes for the last few decades seem to be used today for 
the majority of such boxes; plain, one-color designs of chicks and 
rabbits printed on the sides of the container^. Why is it not a good 
sales opportunity for some progressive box-maker to put out a new 
and attractive line of these popular boxes? Why not pictures on the 
sides of the boxes printed, or lithographed, in bright colors? The 
pictures could be made highly suggestive of the Easter season. The 
main thing would be to have the pictures done in j)leasing colors in 
a style that would be interesting to grown-ups as well as children. 

Practically all of the candy manufacturers buy substantial c[uan- 
tities of the Easter tgg boxes in all of the standard sizes, and cer- 
tainly the candy-makers would ])refer paper boxes of this variety 
that are more attractive than the old kind. We all know that beauti- 
fully-colored boxes of this type would help in selling greater cjuan- 
tities of candy eggs. II ere is a field that is wide oj>en for some box 
mamifacturer with new ideas. 

Some of the larger candy manufacturing concerns are now using 
colored folding boxes for the cheaper grades of candy, such as talTy. 
])eanut brittle, and so forth, and here. too. is another new field for 
])aper box manufacturers with ideas. Some of the folding boxes used 
for special makes of candy are of the pleasing high-chest shape, the 
stock printed with an all-over pattern in three or more colors. The 
color effect is rich, and puts an ordinarv folding box out of the 
common class. 




65 




■*->€ CHAPTER VI J^- 



SELLING GOODS WITH UNIQUE 
FOLDING BOXES 

X many ways the modern manufacturer of folding boxes 
and cartons is more than simply a manufacturer of such 
product. P'irst of all. he is a business promoter for many 
(tther manufacturers of merchandise. In many instances 
he is planning advertising and selling ideas which when put to actual 
use will be the means of creating thousands of dollars' worth of new 
business for the manufacturers who may utilize these ideas. 

Visit some of the larger plants devoted to the production of fold- 
ing boxes and cartons, and you will understand how the owners of 
those plants are creating l)usiness for other manufacturers. In any 
one of the larger plants you will find a special department in charge 
of experts who are constantly planning new designs for folding- 
boxes and cartons — planning new uses for folding boxes and car- 
tons—thinking out new merchandising ideas to be used in connection 
with folding boxes and cartons. These experts do not sit around 
waiting for prospective customers to come in the office and place 
orders for containers. No ; they go right after prospective custom- 
ers and present ideas and suggestions which often result in opening 
up entirely new fields of business for the concerns that are wise 
enough to adopt the ideas and suggestions. 

In the modern plant where folding boxes and cartons are being 
made you will find an art department where new i)ictures, designs 
and patterns for folding containers are being originated. These pic- 
tures, designs and patterns are to be lithographed or printed on the 
containers after the original sketches have been -approved. These 
artists are capable of making colored efl^ects for containers that will 
raise the attractiveness and lieauty of the containers far above those 
of the ordinary class. 

The modern plant is equipped with a first-class printing depart- 
ment, of course, usually with batteries of both platen and cylinder 
printing presses, and in some cases there is a battery of ofi^-set litho- 
graphic presses. The finest grades of color work are produced in 

66 



Selling Goods with Unique Folding Boxes 

these printing departments, and in many instances the pictures, de- 
signs or patterns for folding l)oxes are printed or lithographed in 
four or five dilTerent colors. The printing or lithographing is done 
on the large-size sheets of hoxboard, often as many as ninety-four 
(94) complete forms for folding boxes being printed or lithographed 
at one time on a single sheet. 

Not long ago the writer had the pleasure of visiting one of the 
largest factories in the world where nothing but folding boxes, dis- 
play containers and cartons are being produced. The containers for 
many of the nationally known lines of merchandise, which are to be 
bought in> every good general store, are being manufactured in this 
plant. The orders for these containers frequently run into the mil- 
lions. It seems almost unbelievable, but it is a fact, nevertheless, 
that some of^ the orders for folding boxes handled in this plant are 
for 50,000,000, 75,000,000 and even 100,000,000. In one of the 
special departments of this factory alone several millions of a cer- 
tain kind of folding box are completed every day. 

The printing and lithographing departments of this plant are 
worthy of being featured in one of the educational picture films. 
Each department is an exceedingly long and wide room with an extra 
high ceiling. The walls and ceiling are done in white. There are 
windows on three sides. The presses are lined up in two long rows. 
The floor is of concrete. In the printing department a large num- 
ber of cylinder presses are installed. In the lithographic department 
are about a dozen large-size off-set lithographic presses of the new- 
est models. Two of these machines are built to lithogTa]jh four dif- 
ferent colors simultaneously. Both departments are constantly busy 
on color work for containers. 

Another plant which the writer visited also possessed big printing 
and lithographing departments, Ix)th departments used exclusively 
for lithographing or ]^rinting on large-size sheets of hoxboard for 
folding boxes, cartons and display containers. The cutting and 
creasing departments of this factory are remarkable. There are 
more than fifty platen cutters and creasers of \arious makes and 
sizes. There are also about two dozen cylinder cutters and creasers 
of different makes and sizes, including a number of the new-style 
automatic piling cutters and creasers which automatically deliver the 
flat sheets, cut and creased, on trucks ready to l)e carried away in 
big piles to the stri])]iing department. 

The writer is not at lil)crty to mention the names of the two plants 
referred to, nor is he in a position to descril)e the special kinds of 
work which are being done in these plants, but enough has been said 
to give some idea of the e(|uipment and efficiency of the plants. The 

67 



Salt's Siiyycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



owners of these great factories are manufacturers in the true sense 
of the term; they are not merely paper box makers. They are oper- 
ating their business on a genuine manufacturing basis, and therefore 
are capable of handling the largest and most difficult classes of fold- 
ing box product on a profitable foundation. Moreover, these manu- 




The familiar Cake Ho.x distributed by the Ward liaking Co.. Xew York City. Printed 
in two color.s — red and blue. This container can be used a.s a lunch box for ^ 

picnics, outing.s, etc., after the original contents have been removed. 

facturcrs are contiiuially j)romoting new I)usiness for both them- 
selves and other manufacturers bv inventing new j)urposes for fold- 
ing boxes. 

Would that all paper box makers were conducting their business 
in this same manner. Is it not a fact that many a box concern is not 
paying attention to the important matter of suggesting new ideas in 
folding boxes to prospective customers? Is it not true that numerous 
box-makers are ojierating plants that are not modernly equipped or 
efficiently managed? You do not have to own a mammoth plant to 
originate new ideas in folding boxes, and a small-size plant can be 
just as modern and efficient, in proportion to its size, as anv of the 
larger plants. 

"Share Thy Knowledge" is the motto of the International Asso- 
ciation of Printing House Craftsmen. This organization is made up 

68 



ScUiny Goods zcitli Vniqiic Folding Boxes 

of many clubs formed of printing house executives. Every memlier 
of any one of these clubs must be willing to share his technical knowl- 
edge with any of his fellow craftsmen. It is the old Golden Rule 
applied to a modern purpose. The paper box manufacturers should 
have an organization of this character, and the paper box men could 
learn, a great deal by visiting one another's plants. You will never 
lose anything by sharing your technical "secrets" with your l)rothers 
in the trade. 

"Co-operation, not com])etilion. is the life of commerce." 

THE KINDS OF FOLDING HOXFS THAT SELL (JOODS 

There are manv different kinds of folding Ijoxes on the market 
which are automatically selling large (juantities of merchandise by 
reason of their attractiveness and utility. 'J'hese are the kinds of 
containers which manufacturers in various fields are always looking 
for. If you can show a progressive manufacturer something new and 
attractive in the way of a folding box. a disjjlay container, or a car- 
ton, he will be ready to talk business with you on your own terms, 
and whv not when vou have something that would ])ossil)ly make a 
fortime for him ■ 

Yes, there are numerous folding boxes on the market which have 
earned large fortunes for certain manufacturers who are using them 
for their products, and there are just as many op])ortunities for other 
new-style containers that have not yet been invented. Because 
there are numerous patented containers already on the market it does 
not mean that there is no more need for other styles of patented con- 
tainers. In fact, the need for out-of-the-ordinary containers is 
greater every da}-. 

Who has not seen one of those famous folding boxes which are 
being used as cake containers by the Ward Piaking Comj^any. of New 
York City? These boxes are not beautiful in a])pearance. but cer- 
tainly they are attractive, and they have a utility feature which makes 
them useful as hmch boxes after the original contents have been re- 
moved. These bo.xes are made in various sizes, and are used as 
containers for jxjund cake. s])onge cake. etc. The ])opular size o\ 
these boxes is 7]% x y^A x 3 inches. This is the size that may be 
used as a lunch box. and thousands of ])ersons are using them as 
lunch boxes. 'I'he idea is to wra]) up the lunch box in plain ])aper, 
and to throw away the box after the lunch has been removed. Boxes 
of this kind are apj^ropriate as lunch containers for picnics, boat tri])s 
and other outings. 

There is nothing really startling or new about the Ward cake 
boxes, with the exception of the ])rinted line on the top fla]) ot each 

69 



Sitli's Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

box reading. "Keep this handy knich box — when empty." That line 
of reading matter puts each one of the Ward folding boxes in the 
special utility class, and buyers of the cake packages are reminded 
of the fact that the boxes may still serve a useful purpose after the 
cake has been consumed. The point is that the Robert Gair Com- 
pany, of Brooklyn, N. Y., the company that is manufacturing the 
folding boxes for the Ward Baking Company, was progressive 
enough to "play up" the utility feature possessed by these containers. 
Practically any kind of a folding box carton that is made in the 
same style, and about the same size as the Ward cake box, has the 
same utility feature as the Ward box. But. who ever thought of 



■M\\ c^'' 









TRADE 

MARK 

RI.O 



,\\\ IV » .|- 



CALIFORNIA 

SUN MAID 
HEEDLESS 
RAISINS 



The famous ."jc raisin i)ackage. Lithograi)hed in four colors and varnished. 

70 



Selling Goods zvitli Unique Folding Boxes 



advertising this, utility feature until tlie Robert Gair Company tried 
it out? The folding boxes which are being used as containers for 
breakfast foods, coffee, teas, etc., may be utilized as lunch boxes 
after the original contents of the boxes have been disposed of. but 
to make any of these containers popular in this respect, it would be 
essential to print instructions on each box. 



id 



A LITTLE BIT OF PURE CANDY 

Belle Mead SAveets 



CHOCOLATE COATED 



Brittle-Nut Bar 



5 Cents 



Display Container, made from a single piece of boxboard by the Brooks Bank Note Co., 
of Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in one color. 

There is an opportunity for some paper box manufacturer to pro- 
duce a beautiful folding box- — something out of the ordinary, and 
liaving special utility features. For example, a handsomely-printed 
folding box that could be used as a "doll house" by children, ought 
to prove popular for some brand of cereal. There is a growing 
demand for more attractive folding boxes having designs, pictures 
or patterns printed or lithographed in warm colors. 

100,000,000 FOLDING BOXES FOR RAISINS 

After having passed through a woefully dull business period, 
brought about by national prohibition, the California raisin industry 
is now enjoying the most prosperous times in its history. Every- 
l)ody is now eating raisins. Why? Because the raisin growers' Asso- 
ciation in its national advertising tells everybodv to eat more raisins. 

71 



Sales Suyyt'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 



Probably the most interesting side of this great national advertis- 
ing campaign is the five-cent package of raisins which can now be 
pnrchased in many dilferent retail stores in all sections of the United 




USE 



McGRAWS 



Butterfly 

©ratvcl 

SfioeLaces^ 

jfcVpPERFECTTlPS 

W'^f Superior Quality 




Display Contaiini, iindt- I'rom a single piece of boxboarrl by the Drooks Hank Note Co., 
of Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in two colors. 

States. Wm may see these jiackages even in the chain cigar stores, 
drug stores, candy shops, etc. According to relial)le reiM:)rts. more 
tlian loo.ooo.ooo of these five-cent raisin packages have already been 

72 



Sclliug Goods zvith Unique Foldiny Boxes 

placed on the market, and arrangements are being made to distribnte 
additional millions of these packages. 

Like all good things this original five-cent raisin package was 
quickly counterfeited, but the imitations are so mean-looking as to 
the style of the packages that they have no chance at all of competing 
with the original. The original package is a folding box, size i-)4 >^ 
13^x2^ inches. It is Ijeauti fully lithogra])hed in four dififerent 
colors, incorporating a pretty i)icture of the "Sun-Alaid" on one side, 
and the entire surface of the box is finished in varnish. These pack- 
ages are packed two dozen in a handsome display container which is 
also lithographed in four colors and varnished. Think of it. 100,- 
000,000 of these packages have already been distributed to the retail 
trade, and millions more are to follow ! Were ever the advantages 
of a l)eautiful folding l)ox demonstrated more forcibly than in this 
case .'' You have probably bought one or more of these five-cent 
raisin ])ackages yourself, and, if so, you have doubtless admired the 
attractive (jualities of the folding box. \Ve do not know whether it 
was a i)ai>er l)ox manufacturer who originated this idea of putting 
raisins in five-cent ])ackages or not, ])ut we ho])e that it was a box 
manufacturer. 

Many other lines of mercliandise could be sold in larger cpiantities 
by packing them in small-size folding boxes. Why not have salted 
peanuts packed in small-size five-cent jxickages instead of ])acking 
them in glassine bags? This is merely a suggestion, of course, to 
show how new fields for folding boxes may be developed. There 
are unlimited oi)portunities for new styles of folding boxes for 
candy, cakes, bottled goods, cofi'ee. sugar and many other lines. 

The wonderful success of the five-cent raisin packages should 
serve as an inspiration to manufacturers of folding boxes. Attrac- 
tive folding boxes, cartons and displav cases will helj) manv a manu- 
facturer in solving his merchandising ])rol)lems. 

UNIQUI-: DISPLAV CON lAINKKS 

Several of the larger manufacturers of folding boxes, including 
the Brooks Hank Note Company, of vSpringfield, Mass.. are making 
patented dis])lay containers for various lines of merchandise. These 
display containers are usually formed of a single sheet of boxboard, 
lithographed in colors, and cut and creased in such a manner that 
when the completed sheet is properly folded it forms an attractive 
display case of the set-u]) box type, the l)ox raised uj) on an angle 
at one end, and an advertising card standing up at the back. 

Display containers of this type are generally used for holding 
small-size folding boxes filled with candw chocolate bars wrapped 

73 



Salt's Sitgyi'stions for Paper Box Manitfactnrt'rs 

in tin foil, packages of chewing gum and other sweets of this 
variety. Some of these containers, however, are being used for 
holding packages of shoe strings, braid, cough drops, seeds, and 
other things which can be conveniently sold in small-size packages. 
The display containers illustrated in this chapter were manufac- 
tured by the Brooks Bank Note Company, a well known concern 
that is ])roducing many varieties of folding boxes, cartons and dis- 
play containers, in addition to doing all kinds of fine lithographing. 



fi 




ijQ crnPFKFF PE R- -PUSH UP thc bottom or box *no 
MR. STUntRttrcn -T-uojj^v _, .crs goods on ah 
INSERT TAB IN SLOT ON LID WHICH Pl.*ct»uu 
ANGLI THUS GIVING BtTTtB O'fP^*^- J"'* p. »ct !■ 

THE OOOOS. RINOLY PUT IT IN < PROMINENT Pt»C[ J^ 




Display Container, made of one piece of boxboard by the Brooks liaiik Note Co., of 
Springfield, Mass. Lithographed in one color. 

The display containers referred to are unique in constrnction. When 
the filled container goes to the retailer it looks much like a regular 
set-up paper box. but when the cover is raised and thrown back, it 
forms an attractive advertising placard standing u]) at one end of 
the box. The box is then pushed \\\) from the bottom of the con- 
tainer so that i1/ will rest on an angle, thus displaying the goods in- 
side the box to great advantage. The display containers are to be 
placed on cases and counters of stores, and thev may also be placed 
in show-windows of stores. 



74 



St'lliny Goods -zvit/i U)iujiic Foldincj Boxes 

These unique disi)lay containers certainly help in selling the goods 
that are packed in them. In many retail stores it is surprising to see 
how rapidly the small-size packages move from these containers. 
One dealer remarked that the profits earned on popular five-cent 
packages of chocolates, mints. dro])s. nut-hars. etc.. easilv paid the 
rent of his store. 

Manufacturers of folding hoxes should pay closer attention to 
the many different lines of merchandise which could he sold to ad- 
vantage in smaller-size packages. Vou can prohahly think of numer- 
ous good lines which could he sold in live-cent i)ackages. Why not 
interview the manufacturers of those lines on this important suhject? 

FOLDIXC; BOXES AND C .AKIOXS lOK WIN'DOW DISPL.'WS 

Large numhers of the retail drug stores recently arranged window 
trims of a nationally known hrand of tooth paste which were excejv 
tionally interesting. In each display were a mnnher of lithographed 
cartons of extra large size — enlargements of the regular-size cartons 
which are used for holding a certain number of the smaller-size fold- 
in.g boxes containing the tubes of tooth paste. In each display were 
also about a dozen good-size folding boxes. lithograj)hed in siich a 
manner as to resemble the real carton, opened, and showing the 
smaller-size ])ackages within. 

Window displays of this kind wc-rc al>o arranged b\ nmnerous 
grocery stores, only the large-size cartons and the "imitation" pack- 
ages represented a well known brand of breakfast food. The re- 
tailers like to have these window dis])la\s. of course, as they not 
only make the show-windows attracti\i'. but they make it unnecessarv 
for the dealers to put the genuine ])ackages in the windows, thus pre- 
venting the original packages from becoming "sunburned" or soiled. 

Any manufacturer of folding boxes is capable of making window 
displays of this variety without it being essential for him to add 
special meclianical e(|uipment to his plant. The displavs are made in 
the same way as regular folding boxes and cartons. The designs for 
the large-size cartons and "imitation" packages ma}- be printed or 
lithographed. 

There is a wonderful and growing Hekl for window di.sj)lavs of the 
kinds reterred to — a field that is waiting for "live" pa])er box manu- 
facturers to develoj) it to greater proi)()rtions. Right now beautiful 
and out-of-the-ordinary window disjilays. made n\^ of folding l)oxes. 
cartons and display containers, are needed by many manufacturers 
of package goods. Suggest your ideas to these manufacturers and 
show them sketches or models of the new subjects that you have in 
mind. 

75 



Salt's SiKjcjest'wns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

The large advertising agencies, and the larger printing and litho- 
graphing concerns, are constantly planning new things of the kinds 
which have been referred to in this article. But, only a compara- 
tively few of the paper box manufacturers seem to be following this 
powerful method of business promotion. Now is the time for the 
paper box men to sell nc%c ideas in folding l)oxes that will speed up 
their industry to full capacity. 

All of the different kinds of folding l)oxes, cartons and disj)lay 
containers which have been mentioned in this chai:)ter can be pro- 
duced on either platen cutters and creasers, or on cylinder cutters 
and creasers, from dies made of steel cutting and creasing rule. In 
this connection the writer desires to say a few words about the new 
Babcock Automatic Piling Cutter and Creaser, made by the Babcock 
Printing Press Manufacturing Company, of New London, Conn. 
When visiting a number of large folding box i)lants the writer saw 
a number of these devices in operation. In one of these ]:)lants the 
machine was equi])])ed with an automatic feeder. These machines are 
particularly adapted to large-size sheets and extra-long runs. In one 
case the writer saw a form running that was made up of more than 
200 small-size cutting and creasing dies. The coiu])leted sheets 
were automatically delivered and piled u]) on a movable platform 
which was moved away on a truck when the pile reached a certain 
height. 

in the luodern plant the different kinds of work are handled on 
cutters and creasers of the sizes and styles best adajfted to each class 
of work. The ])laten cutters and creasers, for exami)le. are i)articu- 
larly ada])ted to certain kinds of ])roduct. The ordinarv cylinder 
cutters and creasers are suited to certain kinds of work. 'J'he Bab- 
cock cutter and creaser is now being made in a number of different 
sizes to suit all classes of cutting and creasing work. 

The designs, ])ictures or patterns for the various kinds of folding 
boxes referred to in this chapter could be j^rinted or lithographed 
\vith about the same results. We are not saying a word against the 
excellent work l)eing profluced for folding boxes by the lithographic 
process, l)ut it is only fair to state that the same beautiful color 
effects can be produced on printing |)resses with the use of the 
proper plates. 



76 



■^>l CHAPTER VII }^- 



IMPROVED METHODS 
OF CUTTING AND CREASING 




I{ PORTS concerning the paper l)()x manufacturing- in- 
dustry, from various sections of the United States, re- 
veal the interesting fact that the demand for all kinds of 
folding hoxes and cartons is constantly increasing, and 
in some instances, is increasing more rapidly than the demand for 
the "set-up" style of jmper hoxes. This is prohahly due to the com- 
])arativelv low cost of folding l)oxes and cartons, and also to the new 
uses which are constantly heing found for these containers. 

By this statement the writer does not mean to imply that folding 
boxes are taking the places of high grade set-up hoxes. There will 
always he a growing demand for first quality jiaper boxes of the 
set-up variety, but in some instances, commonly-made stiff boxes 
are being replaced by folding ])oxes on account of the folding boxes 
being less expensive. For example, some of the candy dealers are 
now using folding boxes in packing popular sweets like peanut brit- 
tle. "Yellow Jack." cocoanut stri])s. broken candies, etc. 

These facts are mentioned merely for the ])ur])ose of illustrating 
the increasing demand for folding boxes. The time is soon coming 
when almost every article of merchandise sold in a retail store will 
be packed in a paper box of some kind, and many things which are 
now being sold in "loose" form will be packed in folding boxes. 
As time advances the manufacturers of folding boxes will gradually 
improve the (juality and ai)pearance of their product, up to a point 
where a good folding box will l)e almost as attractive as a good set-up 
box. At the present tiiuc many folding boxes are commonly made 
and present a cheap appearance which is not altogether in their favor. 
Why not a handsomely-covered folding box — one that is highly 
pleasing to the eye of the average person ? 

Let us now turn to the practical side of making folding boxes. 
In the following paragra])hs the writer shall attempt to give some 
information on the subject of cutting and creasitig for folding boxes 
which we ho])e will prove hel]:)ful to an\- person interested in this 

77 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

work. When high grade folding boxes are desired, first class cutting 
and creasing are essential, of course, and it is the writer's purpose to 
tell how the best cutting and creasing may be done on either a cylin- 
der press or a platen press. 

BRIEF OUTLINE OF CUTTING AND CREASING WORK 

For the information of a reader who may not be familiar with the 
process of making folding boxes, the following brief outline of cut- 
ting and creasing work is offered : A folding box is made from a 
single piece of Manila tag board, or folding bristol board, scored, 
cut, folded and glued together in such a manner as to form a com- 
plete box. A folding box, is glued together at two ends, usually at 



Carton for holding 10 packs of cigarettes. Dotted lines represent scoring rules, 
plain lines represent cutting rules. Same plan is used for both box and lid, but lid is 
made about i/s inch larger inside scoring rules so as to enable it to slide down over the 
box. When box and lid are folded, the smaller flaps are glued on the inside of the 
larger flaps. No staying is necessary. This style carton looks much like a telescopic 
setup paper box. 

the side, and at the top and bottom are flaps which fold and inter- 
lock. One of the flaps at the toj), and one at the bottom, have slits 
into which the ends of the covering flaps are inserted. 

The dies for cutting and creasing the stock for folding boxes to 
the different shapes required are made of steel cutting rule, and steel 
creasing rule. The steel rules are cut and bent to the necessary sizes 
and shapes, and are then built into a complete die by means of wood 
or metal furniture. Black cherry wood is used to a large extent for 
blanking out steel dies of this class, but regular printers' furniture, 
of steel, iron or lead, is also used for the same purpose. 

After the steel die has been properly filled in with furniture, it is 
then locked up in a chase. The chase containing the die is then placed 
on either a cylinder or platen press. The make-ready is done in such 
a way as to cause all of the sharp steel cutting rules in the form to 
cut into the stock sharply, and all of the scoring rules in the form to 



78 



Improved Methods of Cutliny and Creasing 

score the stock in the proper places. After the make-ready has been 
completed, on each impression of the press a folding box is cut out 
and scored simultaneously. In many cases several complete cutting 
and creasing dies are locked up together in the same chase, and sev- 
eral folding boxes are cut and scored on every impression. Finally, 
the cut and scored sheets are run through a gluing machine, each 
sheet being folded and glued together at two ends. The folding 
boxes are then ready for the customer. 

SUGGESTIONS FOR BUILDING AN EXTRA-STRONG DIE 

While it is true that many die makers are using 2-point hard steel 
cutting rule, and 2-point steel scoring rule for the great majority 
of all steel die work, it is likewise a fact that some die makers are 
using 6-point steel rules for the heavier class of work. The 6-point 
cutting and scoring rules are particularly adapted to heavy-weight 
Manila tag stock, and also to exceedingly long runs of both light and 
heavy forms. On the other hand. 2-point cutting and creasing rules 
are apt to break down to some extent on extra-thick stock, or on long 
runs of any kind. 

The standard height of steel cutting rule is .923" which is slightly 
higher than printers' brass rule. The standard height of steel scor- 
ing rule is .918". The standard height of all printers' type is .918". 
Every box maker should be familiar with all of these figures, as they 
will often be required when ordering materials for cutting and creas- 
ing dies. Steel cutting and creasing rules are also made in other 
heights to suit special requirements. 

All of, the blanking out material in a die whicli comes directly in 
contact with the steel cutting and scoring rules should be at least 
-34 of an inch high so as to make the steel rules stand up as firmly as 
possible. This is one of the most important points in die l)uilding. 
The idea is to have the furniture, or blanking-oul material, which is 
placed on either sides of the steel cutting and scoring rules h'ujh 
enough to prevent the rules from bend'uuj under lieavy impression. 
The high furnilure ( '^4 of an inch ) also helps in maintaining sharp, 
even cutting, for tlie reason that it prevents the top portions of the 
cutting rules from moving slightlv under heavy -impression. The 
blanking-out furniture cannot be much higher than -v^ of an inch 
for the reason that some space must be left for attaching corks along 
the surface of furniture which is placed on either side ot cutting 
rules. 

Printers' labor saving furniture, of wood, steel, iron or lead — the 
kinds which are to be found in any well-e(|ui]^l)e(l printing office — 

79 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

may be used in conjunction with "high" blanking-out material in 
steel dies, but pieces of printers' furniture should never be placed 
next to steel cutting or scoring rules on account of printers' furni- 
ture being considerably lower in height than regular box-makers' 
furniture which is about Y4 of an inch high. Printers' labor saving 
steel, iron or lead furniture makes excellent material for the die- 
builder on account of its accuracy and the large number of convenient 
sizes in which it is made. The die-maker "tills in" the blank spaces 
in the die with ])rinters' furniture — that is, the blank spaces which 
have not already been tilled with black cherry wood Y^ of an inch 
high. In other words, "high" material, say about one inch wide, is 
placed on either side of all steel rules in the form, then the remain- 
ing blank spaces are filled in with printers' labor saxing furniture, of 
wood, steel, iron or lead. 

Printers' standard lock-up furniture is made lower than -'^4 of an 
inch high for two reasons: First, so that the furniture will be low 
enough to escape jxjssible inkings from the inking rollers, thus pre- 
venting ink markings in the blank portions of printed sheets. Second, 
to allow si)ace for feeding guides and "fenders" on platen presses. 
The majority of printers and box-makers use feeding guides made 
of brass, hardwood or lead, about 12 points high ( )/f, of an inch 
high). The fenders, j^laced on one side of each guide to prevent 
the sheets of box-board from extending over the tops of the guides, 
stand up even higher than ]/(, of an inch. These facts mean that 
the outside sections of a steel die, or series of dies, cannot be en- 
tirely blanked out with high furniture (-M or an inch high), as this 
high material would not allow sufficient sjjace for the feeding guides 
and fenders. If the high furniture was used in places where the 
guides and fenders strike, the guides would "smash" into the high 
furniture. 

The average steel die, or series of dies, will allow for at least one- 
inch margin of stock on all four sides for cutting purposes, and 
therefore, the die-maker should keep this fact in mind when placing 
high material on the outside sections of the die. A good rule to fol- 
low is to place high material, which is only about -^^ of an inch wide, 
on the outside sections of all steel rules, then blank out the remain- 
ing space in the chase with printers' wood furniture. Perfectly 
square pieces of black cherry. -Ki of an inch square, will serve ad- 
miral)lv for the outside sections of a steel die. 

SIMPLE METHOD OF PREVENTING STEEL DIE FROM WARPING 

Even in cases where all of the blanking-out material used in a 
steel die is perfectly accurate, so far as the term "perfect" may be 

80 



Improved MctJiods of Ciittim/ and Creasing 

used, often the die will warp decidedly when the lock-up squeeze is 
applied. In some instances, the lock-up pressure causes the surface 
of the die to take on a "toric" form. This is apt to result in difficult 
make-ready, as for the hest conditions of make-ready the entire sur- 
face of the die should he perfectly level. Warps may l)e easily 
avoided in all cutting and creasing forms, no matter how large or 
small the dies may he. hy the following sim])le method : 

From Manila paper, of ahout 80 ])()imd weight, or from any kind 
of good quality heavy wrapping pa])er. cut a numl)er of strips, ahout 
18 inches long and ahout 3/16 of an inch wide. The length of the 
strips is not important, as they can he cut or pieced out to any length 
wanted, hut the width of tlie strips. 3 iT) of an inch, is very impor- 
tant. At the hottom end of the form, hetween two of the strips of 
blanking-out furniture, insert one of the strips of ])a])er. I'lace the 
strip of paper at the hottom of the strips (_)f furnitiu'e. and make 
sure that the strip ot ])aper is ])laced horizontallv even, not higher 
at one end than at the other. Xow repeat the same ()]ieration at the 
left-hand side of the f oriu ; that is. place a stri]) of the pa])er hetween 
two strips of fin-nitnre. in the same manner as at the bottom of the 
form. Then lock up the form with slow, gradual turns of the (|Uoin 
key, rather than by ra])id turns, and the die and all of its material 
will lie perfectly flat and even. The two strijjs of paper between the 
furniture, at the bottoiu, and on the left-hand side, have a remark- 
able influence u])on all material in the form. Have a ninnber of the 
])aper strips in the drawer of the im])o>ition table readv for use. 

ADVANTAGES OF PRINTKR's BRASS Rll.i: AS SC'ORINCJ MV LV. 

Some box-makers are using ])rinters' labor-saving brass rule for 
scoring instead of steel scoring rule, for the reason that the ])rinters' 
brass rule comes in many assorted si/.e> ready for immediate use. 
i'\:)r example, the brass rule comes in a case, made expressly for the 
pur])ose, and in each compartment of this case are several ])ieces of 
rule of the same size. ( )n account of the brass rule coming in many 
different lengths, from 1 em long to C)0 ems long, with half-em-sizes, 
like I and ^4 ems. in between, it is possible for the box-maker to 
make \\\) from the wide assortment scoring rules of any length de- 
sired. For exam]:)le. the box-maker may want five ( 5 ) scoring rules, 
each five-and-one-half inches long. This would mean five brass 
rules, each one 33 ems long, and if these sizes were not at the time 
to be found in the case. the\- could easilv be made u]) from smaller 
pieces of rule, h'or exam])le. one ])iece of brass rule 17 ems long, 
and another piece i() ems long, would make, when put together, a 
strip 7^T^ ems long, or tlve-and-a-lialf inches long. 

81 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Mciniifacturers 

We refer to full-face brass rule .918" lii?h, in j-point. 3-poiut. 4- 
point and 6-point. The great advantage of the i)rinters' labor-saving 
brass rule over steel scoring rule is in the l)rass rule being cut to so 
many diiTerent sizes, while it would be necessary for the die-maker 
to cut the steel rule to the various sizes needed. The brass rule will 
last for a life-time, and may 1)e used over and over again as scoring 
rules without sliowing serious signs of wear. 

BRASS FEEDINC; GUIDES WITH SELF-CONTAINED FENDERS 

Many pressmen who are working on regular cutting and creasing 
presses prefer brass feeding guides to those made of wot)d or lead. 
These brass guides are about % of an inch thick and al)out 1^2 
inches square. They are attached to the i)laten. or rather to the 
sheet of box-board on tlic platen. I)y means of LePage glue. The 




Brass Feed Guide with Self-contained "Fender."' .Vote the undercut. 
This is done with an ordinary tile. 

side of the guide which is to l)e glued to the i)laten is first rul)bed 
on emerv paper which roughens the surface of the brass sufficiently 
to make it hold the glue firmly. 

Some pressmen take brass guides of this same size and undercut 
them at one end with a file or brass saw. so as to make a guide with 
a self-contained fender. 'I'lie undercutting is done to a point about 
3/16 of an inch dee]), leaving an extension above about 1/32 of an 
inch thick. 

With brass guides of this shape none of the ordinary fenders are 
required, each guide having its own "fender" at the top. At first, 
this style of guide is a little difficult for the feeder, but within a sliort 
space of time the feeder becomes used to it. and thereafter will ])re- 
fer it to the ordinary guide and separate fender. 

OUT-OF-THE-ORDINARY METHOD OF MAKING READY A 
CUTTING AND CREASING FORM 

The regular method of making ready a cutting and creasing form, 
on either a cylinder press, or a platen ]:)ress, is as follows: xA-fter the 
form has been put on the ])ress, a sheet of chi])-b()ard. news-board, 
or strawl)oard is glued to the cylinder of a cylinder press, or to the 
platen of a platen press. All creasing rules in the form are inked by 

82 



Improved Methods of Ciittiny and Creasing 

means of a printers' hand roller and printers' black ink. An impres- 
sion of the form is then taken on the sheet of lx)x-board which has 
been glued on the cylinder, or platen, of the press. This causes all 
of the creasing rules in the form which have been inked to print in 
the sheet of box-board. Then, with a sharp make-ready knife, the 
pressman cuts out of the box-board all lines xvhich have been marked 
b\ the inked creasing rules. This is tedious work and calls for skill 
on the part of the pressman. If the scoring rules are of 2-point 
W'idth, the pressman cuts only about the same size line from out of 
the box-board; when the scoring rules are of 4-point width, the 
pressman cuts away only about the same size line on the foundation 
l)oard, and so on with other widths. After the make-ready has been 
completed, with all creasing lines cut out clean and even, and all 
cutting rules made perfectly level, the press is then ready for opera- 
tion. On each impression the cutting rules cut sharply into the sheet 
and cut out the necessary sha])e, while the scoring rules merely force 
the stock into the grooves which have been made for the scoring rules. 

Here is an out-of-the-ordinary method of making ready the scor- 
ing rules in a cutting and creasing form: Instead of cutting out the 
creasing lines form the foundation board, take stri])s of l)ox-l)oard, 
about one-inch wide, and any convenient length, and glue on these 
strips to the foundation board, on both sides of all lines marked l)y 
the scoring rules, it will be essential, of course, to glue on these 
strips accurately, leaving the right amount of space between each 
two strips. For example, for a 2-])oint creasing rule it will be 
necessary to space the two strips of box-l)oard only al)out ■■_'-])oints" 
apart, and so on. 

With this method of make-ready no cutting out work of any kind 
is needed on the foundation board, and the stri])s of l)ox-boar(l make 
possible more even grooves than those that are cut out of the founda- 
tion board with a knife. This ])lan saves a great deal of time over 
the ordinary method of make-ready, as it is a comparatively sinijile 
matter to have the strips of box-board cut on a ])a])er-cutting ma- 
chine, and to glue theiu in the pro]:)er ])ositions. After a little prac- 
tice, the press feeder will experience no trouble in feeding over the 
edges of the strips, but it is a good ])lan to bevel all edges which may 
interfere with tiie feeding. Some pressmen, after finishing the make- 
ready for a cutting and creasing form on a ])laten ]>ress. take a large 
sheet of thin Manila ]:)ai)er and glue it over the entire surface of the 
make-ready. This ])rotects the make-ready to some extent, and 
makes the work of feedinir easier. 



83 



S(i/('s Suijgcst'wns for Paper Box Maviifcicturcrs 

THE BEST METHODS OF "c'()KKIN(i" FORMS 

One ot the best methods of "corkini^" a eutting and creasing 
form, on either a cylinder ])ress or ])]aten ])ress, is in nsing the pat- 
ented strip cork which is now on the market. 'I'his form of cork 
comes in long stri])s. of various widths and lliicknesses. and is 
rounded on the sm-face which comes in contact with the sheets of 
I)ox-hoard. \\ illi this cork, the ])ressman simply cuts stri])s to the 
required lengths, and then glues them on the top of wood furniture 
on either side of the steel cutting rules. 

'i'here are strips of rnl)l)er. made in various sizes, which can he 
used in the same way as the strips of cork. Some pressmen ])refer 
using individual corks, and have large quantities of the corks, cut to 
required sizes, ready for immediate use. The great advantage of the 
-Strip cork, however, is in its being of uniform height, while it is 
hardly j)ossil)le to cut a large number of separate corks bv hand to 
exactly the same height. vSome pressmen would claim that various 
sizes of corks would not matter in the work of cutting and creasing 
but the writer is of the o])inion that corks of irregular heights often 
cause break-downs in the make-ready, h'or exam])le. if a spacious 
cutting and creasing form on a ])laten press is corked to a greater 
extent on the left-liand side tlian on tlie riglit-hand side, it seems 
natural that the cutting rules on the right-hand side will be subjected 
to more pressure than the rules on the other side. This would mean 
that the rules on the right-hand side would we.ar down more ra])idly 
than the rules on the left-hand side. 

The same argument aj)i)lies to using indixidual corks of various 
heights in ditferent parts of the form. Place corks, >4 i'l^-'li liigli. '" 
one ])lace, and corks 's inch high, in another place, and there will 
result irregular impressions which will cause the tine cutting surface 
of certain rules to wear more than the cutting .surface of other rules. 
The effects will be noticeable on a long run. and frequent repairs to 
the make-ready will be necessarv. 

In all cases ot corking cutting and creasing forms the corking- 
material should all be of uniform height, so that everything in the 
make-ready will be as even as ])ossible. In a well-regulated folding 
box manufacturing ])lant all of the "high" blanking-out material 
which is placed either side of cutting rules should be of uniform 
height, say 34 of an inch high, and all cork>, rubber and stri]) cork, 
should be of uniform height, say ^k; of an inch high. This ])lan would 
be the means of saving a great deal of make-ready time during the 
course of a year, and would help in training efficient apprentices. 

When running large cutting and creasing forms which contain 

84 



Improved Methods of Culthnj and Crcasincj 

much l)lauk space inside the main cuttint; and creasing rules, card- 
l)oard "henders," or s])rings. may often he used in the hlank spaces 
in addition to the corks near the rules. A l)ender may he made of 
folding l)ristol l)oard. or of a light-weight l)in(lers' l)oard. Some 
"henders" are folded from l)inders' hoard pieces as large as 8x5 
inches, and when glued to the surface of furniture, inside cutting and 
creasing rules, appears like this rough diagram: 




••Bender " or -spring, made of binders' board, or lolding bristol. Iscl lor ••pushing" 

cut stock from off the steel rule die. The bottom of the spring is glued 

to a piece of blanking-out wood inside the die. 

A "hender" of this type will help greatly in "pushing" sheet^ from 
off cutting and creasing rules, and yet it does not imi)o.se a severe ta.x 
on the impression. It should he understood that corks are essential 
on hoth sides of cutting rules, even in cases where large-size "hend- 
ers" are used. 

XOTE • (Complete instructions for the making of all kinds of paper boxes, making 
steel dies making readv forms for cutting and creasing, and other inlormation ot 
this character mav be "found in the book entitled. ••How Paper Boxes Are Made, 
published by the Shears Publishing Company, of LaFayette. Indiana. The price ot 
this book is $2. .50 per copy, and every box-maker should have a copy.l 



85 



•^>C CHAPTER VIII >*• 



CUTOUTS PAPER BOX MEN 
CAN PRODUCE 




\'I^R^' paper box manufacturer who is operating a cut- 
ting and creasing department in his plant is naturally in 
a position to make all kinds of cutouts in addition to 
manufacturing all varieties of folding boxes and cartons. 
This is a statement which doubtless will be deeply interesting to many 
readers, but we sliall make this statement still more interesting by 
adding that in this chapter an attempt will be made to ex])lain how 
this class of work is done. 

What do we mean by the term "Cutouts?" Xo doubt the ma- 
jority of ])aper 1)ox makers are familiar with this term, but there 
may be some who are not acquainted with it, so for that reason it 
may be well for all concerned to have this a])])ellation minutely ex- 
plained. 

Under the heading. "Cutouts," come fancy ])artitions for set-up 
paper boxes, odd-shaped fans of cardboard, photograph folders, 
leather novelties, cardboard toys, fancy cardboard pictures for Christ- 
mas, St. \'alentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day. Kastcr. New Year, etc. ; 
all kinds of odd-shaped advertising signs and novelties made of card- 
board ; and a wide variety of cardboard "set-ins" for garter boxes, 
necktie boxes, collar-button boxes and combination holiday boxes 
used for liolding suspenders, garters, sleeve-holders, etc. The term. 
"Cutouts," also ajiplies to a large number of display-cards used for 
holding w^atch-chains, soft-collar pins, made-uj) neckties, watch fobs, 
souvenirs, and so forth. 

One Philadelphia paper Ixix manufacturer for many years has 
been specializing in the production of fancy holiday boxes, many of 
which contain partitions, or "set-ins," of orinigal design and con- 
struction. This manufacturer is continually ])lanning new things in 
Christmas boxes, Easter boxes, candy boxes, and other paper boxes 
of this variety, many of which have proven exceedingly ])opular. In 
some instances the orders for special holiday boxes run as high as 
from 50,000 to 100.000. On several occasions the orders for certain 

86 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box JManiifactiirers 

"l)ig numbers" were so heavy that the manufacturer found it impos- 
sible to handle all of them. 

Among the many diiTerent specialties produced by this manufac- 
turer are fancy necktie boxes, shirt-waist boxes, and combination 
gift boxes, the latter designed to hold a pair of suspenders and a 
pair of men's garters. These gift boxes have made a big hit with 
many haberdashers and dry goods dealers for the reason that the 
boxes and their contents can be attractively disi:)layed in the show 
windows and sales-rooms. 

A "set-in" for one of these novelty boxes is made in the same 
shape as a lid for a plain set-up box. with four corners cut out of 
the blank. But. in addition to the four corners, "windows" of vari- 
ous forms are also cut out of the Ijlank to conform with the shapes 
of articles that are to be placed in the box. For example, the set-in 
for the coml)ination gift box. which is to hold a pair of suspenders 
and a pair of men's garters, has four windows — two long and nar- 
row, and two shaped like the shield-shaped i)ads on men's garters. 
The pair of susjjenders is ])ut in the box and folded like a large-size 
"X," and between the "X." are placed the garters, one at the top and 
the other at the bottom. When the completed "set-in" is placed 
inside the box, and overtop of the suspenders and garters, portions 
of these articles are shown through the windows of the set-in. 

As mentioned, the set-in is usually made on the same j^lan as a 
lid for a set-up box. the four sides bending over aliout -)8 of an 
inch. The corners are not stayed. 'Phe set-ins are made of various 
kinds of folding cardboard, "Litho," coated-one-side, being excellent 
for color printing and embossing. 

The printed matter usually consists of floral designs reproduced 
in colors, and borders done either in colors or gold. Often the floral 
designs are handsomely embossed, and in some cases the borders also 
are embossed. The main purpose of the printed matter appearing 
on the set-ins is to reflect the holiday spirit, and this may be admir- 
ably accomplished bv the employment of the right designs and colors. 
The beautiful poinscttia flower, faithfully re])roduced in its natural 
red. and its deep green leaves as background, makes a splendid sub- 
ject for the Christmas season. A small bunch of oj'chids. re])r()duce(l 
in their delicate tints, offers an ideal suggestion as a set-in decora- 
tion for the Easter season. 

As a general rule, no advertising matter of any kind aj^jiears on 
the set-ins for gift boxes us'ed for shirtwaists, suspenders, neckties 
and combinations. The manufacturer of the complete gift l)Oxes 
sells tliem to large wliolesalers in haberdashery, dry goods, etc., who 

87 



Sales Suggestions for Pcipcr Box Maniifacliiycrs 




A "Set in" for a holiday gift box to hold a pair of suspenders. Printed in red. green 
and gold and then embossed. Cut out and scored. 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce 

jxick the boxes witli p()i)ulai" things hke suspenders, garters and 
neckties, and who then sell the boxes and their contents, in gross lots, 
to the retailers, v^ome of the larger retailers buy the holiday boxes 
and set-ins direct from the i)aper l)ox makers and then pack the 
boxes themselves with desirable specialties. One of the big depart- 
ment stores recently featured gift l)oxes. equipped with attractive 
set-ins. and ]Kicked with a "combination" consisting of a man's scarf, 




Attractive "Set-in" for holiday sift box to hold a pair of men".'* garters and iiair of 
suspenders. Printed in three colors, gold and enitsossed. Cut out and scored. 

89 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

pair of pad garters and a pair of suspenders. Thousands of these 
"specials" were purchased by both men and women for gift purposes. 

HOW THE CUTOUT WORK IS DONE 

All cutout work for set-ins, folding boxes, advertising novelties, 
fancy holiday boxes, fans, valentines, etc., is done after the sheets 
have been printed or lithographed. The cutting is done with dies 
made of steel cutting rule, and cutting of this kind can be done either 



r 




<^ 



Another attractive "Set-in" for holiday gift box to hold a pair of men's garters and 

pair of suspenders. Printed in three colors, gold and embossed. 

Cut out and scored. 



90 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Ccin Produce 

on a platen printing press, or on a standard cutting and creasing 
platen press. It is also possible to do all kinds of cutout work on cyl- 
inder presses, but for tbe diiTerent kinds of product referred to in this 
chapter a standard cutting and creasing platen press is recommended. 

In the case of a cutting die for a set-in. both cutting rules and 
scoring rules are essential. The cutting rules, of course, cut all the 
way through the stock, but the scoring rules merely score the stock 
for bending purposes. Four sides of a set-in are scored, leaving a 
folding margin of about ^ of an inch. At each of the four corners 
formed by the four scoring rules are two pieces of steel cutting rule, 
placed at right-angles, for cutting out the four corners. 

A steel die for cutting out a set-in therefore accomplishes three 
dilTerent things on a single operation: First, the cutting out of the 
"windows," or openings; second, the scoring of the four lines for 
folding ; third, the cutting out of the four corners. 

As many as four complete set-ins can be cut out and scored simul- 
taneously on a large-size cutting and creasing platen press. 

In the construction of all odd-shaped steel cutting dies such as 
circles, semi-circles, half-moon, heart, shamrock, flowers, etc.. only 
laminated board, 5-ply, and 11/16 of an inch thick, should be used 
for holding the rules. A cardboard model of the subject to be cut 
and scored is made, and this model is then laid over the face of the 
piece of laminated board, held temporarily at the four corners by pins 
stuck into the board. All places where cutting rules and scoring 
rules are to be inserted are then plainly marked with a pencil on the 
board, following the shape of the model. The model is removed, and 
then all lines which have been marked with the pencil on tlie board 
are carefully cut out with a jig saw. 

Standard steel cutting rule is .923-incli in height, and standard 
steel scoring rule is .y 18-inch in height. 

For all sections of a steel cutting die which involve curves and 
odd-l)endings, soft steel cutting rule is u.sed. Hard steel cutting rule 
is used for all straight line forms such as a square, oblong, diamond, 
etc. After the pieces of soft cutting rule have been bent to the re- 
quired shapes, they ave hardened bv means of heating to a cherrv 
red in a furnace or gas-flame, and by then immersing the heated 
I)ieces in fish oil. 

After the steel rules have been firmly fixed in the proper positions 
in the laminated board, the die is complete and ready to be locked 
in a chase. 

The make-ready for forms of this class is comparatively simple, 
and yet it is essential to have an al)solutely even impression. Exces- 
sive impression, and uneven impression, are responsible for first-class 

91 



Sales Suyijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

cutting and creasing dies flattening out within a short space of time. 
In the make-ready of a steel cutting and scoring form, the smooth 
surface of the steel platen plate acts as a counter-die, except in places 
where the scoring rules are to strike. The counter-die for the scor- 
ing rules is made simply of stri])s of heavy l)ox-l)oard, each strij) 




A ("utout lor Kaster in the t'onn of a rabbit. 

al)out one-inch wide, and lung enough to ])rovide for the full length 
of the scoring rule it i> to work with. A stri]) ot hox-hoard is glued 
to the platen ])late on either side of each scoring rule, in this manner 
forming the counter-die. In the case of light-weight Litho stock 
the strips are not even necessary, as the scoring rule heing lower in 
height (.918-inch) than the cutting rule (which is .923-inch), the 
scoring lines are made liglitly without extending so deeply into the 
stock as to hreak it. 

Strips of cork, or pieces of corks about ^ of an inch in height are 
glued to the blank ])ortions of the die, on either side of all cutting 
rules. This is done for the ])ur])ose of removing cut sheets of stock 
from the forn.i. 

92 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce 



CUTOUTS FOR CHRISTMAS, EASTER, VALENTINE DAY AND 
OTHER HOLIDAYS 

During- the last few years fancy cutouts for Christinas. Easter, 
X'alentine Day and other holiday occasions have become more pop- 
ular than ever before, and at the present time numerous ])rinting 
and lithographing' ]:)lants are busy on large orders for these novelties. 
Many l)ox manufacturing ])lants are also active in this class of work. 

Among the most ]:)opular numbers of the cutouts are figures of 
girls and boys, dolls, comical men and women, birds, animals and so 




'*>• » 



A pretty Cutout in the form of a ■WalkiiiK Doll. " The figure is equipped with a wheel 

having five "legs," and when a wheel is turned it appears 

as though tlie doll walks. 

forth, all ])rinted or lithographed in ])right. warm colors. B^ach 
figure is cut out to shajH-. and is (.'(luipped with a folding brace of 
cardboard at the back so that it can be made to sta.nd. v^ome of the 
funny pictures of girls have imitation gems inserted as car decora- 
tions, hat pins or other marks of ornamentation, and the effort is 
very pleasing. 

Unique paper novelties of this varictv are always in strong de- 
mand in stationery stores, toy shops, department stores, drug stores 
and in manv other sho])s. vSome of the larger novelty ])aper box 
concerns have traxeling salesmen on the road taking advance orders 

93 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

for the cutouts from wholesalers as well as from retailers. It is a 
line that sells in towns of all sizes in all parts of the country. :\Iore- 
over. it is a line that can be exi)orted advantageously to numerous 
foreign countries. 

Stock of inexpensive but durable grades is used for the cutouts, 
the printing or lithographing being done on the full-size sheets. 
Process color printing is well adapted to picture work of all kinds 
for folding boxes, novelty boxes, and cutouts, but in most instances 
the new offset process of lithography is now being used. Some of 









A plain Cutout for Easter in the form of a chick. 

the paper box manufacturers have the color printing or lithograph- 
ing done by trade concerns, but attend to the cutout part of the work 
in their own plants. 

It is an interesting fact that even a small cutting and creasing 
plant, devoted to the production of folding boxes and cartons, is also 
adapted to the production of all varieties of cutouts such as cardboard 
fans, wall-pockets, advertising novelties, etc. We mean by this state- 
ment that any manufacturer of folding boxes may immediately enter 
the business of making cutouts without finding it necessary to install 
additional mechanical equipment. We take it for granted that the 
average manufacturer of folding boxes is also operating a printing 

94 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce 

department, and even a small printing department can l)e made to 
produce colored picture work of the kind required for cardboard 
novelties. 

In the case where the paper lx)x manufacturer would like to enter 
the field of fancy cutouts, but would not care to i)roduce the colored 
picture work in his own plant, arrangements can be made with a 
printer or lithographer to do all the picture work. It would be well, 
however, for the box maker to originate his own designs and subjects, 
and to have them copyrighted. The demand is for new ideas in 
paper novelties — new shapes, unique figures, and beautiful color 
etTects. It is not such a costly proposition as it may seem for a box 
manufacturer to have a good commercial artist prepare a few dozen 
original subjects for cutouts. The more attractive the novelties as 
to forms and colorings, the greater the amount of sales. In these 
days it is easier to sell high grade cutouts than it is to sell those of 
the common grade. 

ODD-SHAPED CANDY BOXES FOR HOLIDAY OCCASIONS 

The writer enjoyed the privilege of visiting a large ])a])er box 
factory where many different kinds of odd-shaped jiaper l)oxes were 
being made. These included small heart-shaped boxes for St. Valen- 
tine's Day; small shamrock-shaped boxes for vSt. Patrick's Day; 
chimney-shaped boxes with Santa Clans at the top for Christmas; 
hatchet-shaped boxes for Washington's birthday, and "L'ncle Sam 
hats" for Memorial Day and Independence Day. There were also 
"Irishmen's hats." covered with black paper and trimmed with green 
ribbon; boxes shaj)ed like a book, and folding boxes in the form of 
small Colonial churches of red l)rick. 

The "Uncle Sam hat" was ])articularly attractive, shaped like an 
old-fashioned silk hat, and covered with colored pai)er in such a man- 
ner as to have white stars with a field of blue at the top. and red- 
and-white stripes on the sides of the crown and on the brim. The 
wide brim consisted of a cardboard cutout. A small round paper 
box was glued to the brim, and the crown of the hat slipped over this 
box, forming the lid. These boxes which are exceedingly popular, 
are used for holding candv of the "button" variety, and are bought 
by candy manufacturers and retailers in large quantities. 

The "Irishmen's hats" are made on the same i)lan as the "'Uncle 
Sam hat." and are used as candy boxes for holding green sweets of 
various kinds. 

Only a few of the most ])o])ular odd-shai)ed ])ai)er boxes have been 
mentioned to indicate the wonderful field for this line of product. 

95 



Sales Sitgqcstions for Paper Box IManufactnrcrs 



Any paper box maker, by studying over tlie familiar types of boxes 
now on the market, can obtain ideas for new types of boxes. A cut- 
ting and creasing press, and the proper material for building steel 
dies, enables the box manufacturer to produce anytliing in flic zvay of 
a faiicv cutout, and by using out-of-the-ordinary cutouts in the con- 
struction of odd-shaped Ixtxes. many unique effects may be obtained. 
The hatchet-shaped boxes for Washington's l)irthday is a cutout 
proposition with the exception of the tube, and the assembling and 




I'M AT IT AGAIN 



M t >i V Chr 



i 



A pleasing Cutout in llie lorni of a ("liristnias carci. Fisurc has iniitalion jewel 

set in one ear. 



covering must be done l)y hand operators who have had long experi- 
ence in such work. 

Fancy jxiper baskets, l)on-bon holders, cones, etc.. used as favors 
at banquets and parties, are comparatively easy to make, and with 
the aid of odd-shaped cutouts, such novelties can be made excep- 
tionally attractive. For exam])le. at one banquet the ice cream was 
served in fancy round ])aper boxes, the side of the box consisting 
of a printed series of dancing figures, the upper portions of the 

96 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce 

figures cut out to form. The figures were printed in Ijright colors, 
and the completed hox. equipped with a hall of ice cream, presented 
a pleasing offering. 

To obtain l)eautiful eft'ects in cutouts, printing or lithographing is 
not always essential for color. With the great variety of fancy 
colored glazed jiapers that the hox makers now have at their com- 
mand, it is possible to make an endless number of designs and color 
effects. For example, one large-size candy l)ox is covered with 
embossed paper of robin's-egg blue tint. The shape of the hox is 
oval, extension top and bottom and domed top. 'I'he sides of the hox 
contain about a dozen silhouettes, which were cut from dark-blue 
glazed paper and then ])asted on. The box is tied with heavy satin 
ribbon of the same shade as the silhouettes. Is it any wonder that 
high-class candv dealers have little trouble in selling expensive sweets 
in boxes like this .'' 

Al)\ KKTISING SKiXS .AND CllOl IS 

The field for advertising signs and novelties is so vast that we can 
merely give an outline of the work in this chapter. It is a field that 
has been developed liberally during the last few years, but there is 
still room for thou.sands of new '■pros])ectors." and there is no 
reason at all why many of the ])a])er box manufacturers cannot enter 
it with profitable returns. 

Many of the larger wholesalers of food products are sui)])lying 
the retailers who handle their goods with handsome cutouts for 
window and store displays. These cutouts, along with samples of 
the gotxls advertised, are usually planned to link the window trim 
with a national advertising cam])aign, with the result that the retailer 
using the display benefits in the way of gaiifing new business; that is, 
new business created l)y the national advertising cam])aign. 

In niunerous instances a large printing concern not only plans the 
national advertising caiupaign for a maufactiu-er or wholesaler, but 
also i)roduces for the c;;mnaign beautiful paper boxes, colored pos- 
ters, booklets, catalogs, and attractive cutouts for window dis])lays. 
This explains why some of the larger printing concerns are operat- 
ing paper l)ox making departments, or at least, cutthig and creasing 
departments. It also explains why many ])rogressive ])ai)er l)()x 
manufacturers are operating first-class printing departments in con- 
nection with their ])lants. 

One of the large candv concerns is using a beautitul illustrated 
cutout for advertising specialties. This cutout is lithographed in 
colors and it pictures a nunil)er of pretty candy boxes in addition to 

97 



Sales Siiyyi'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

a fine landscape. These cutouts are placed in the display windows 
of drug stores, stationery stores and other sh()])s where the hetter 
grades of boxed candy are sold. 

Aini.K riSI NG \()\KLTIKS 

Among the many different kinds of advertising novelties coming 
under the head of cutouts are odd-shaped fans of cardboard, fancy 
wall calendars, wall ])ockets. paper drinking cups, and ])aper caps for 
workingmen. All of these things are designed to contain advertis- 
ing matter, and are distributed gratis bv the purchasers of the adver- 
tising matter. 

The advertising fans usually contain colored i)ictures on one side 
and advertising matter on the other side. Fans of this ty]K' are fitted 
with wood handles, wire stitched or tacked on. The wood handles 
are su])j:)lied by any of the: larger paper houses. In addition to the 
l)()pular i)ear-shaped, many cardboard fans are also cut out in the 
forms of ovals, circles, square with round corners, and octagonal. 
All of these shapes require wooden handles. Why not a wing-shaped 
fan of heavy cardboard, printed and cut out to resemble a small-size 
feather fan? .\ fan of this shape would recjuire m* wooden handle 
and would a|)])eal j^articularly to the fair sex. 

Cardboard fans of the kind referred to are cut out as many as ten 
at a time on a large-size cutting* and creasing ])ress. 'J'he dies are 
made of steel cutting rule, bent to the necessary forms. 

A wall ])ocket is hung upon a wall in a pantry or kitclien, and is 
useful for holding brushes, papers, matches, etc. Some cardboard 
wall pockets are cut out of a single piece of stock and then folded 
to the proper shape, while others are made of two or more pieces of 
cardboard. Not a few wall ])ockets have "filigree." or fancy open 
work, involving intricate steel die building, but it is possible to make 
an attractive wall pocket, without anv open work, by having all edges 
(){ the stock used in its construction nicely scallo])ed. 

Many of the best pictorial wall calendars are lithographed or 
printed in colors; are then embossed and tlnall\- are cut out into fancy 
shapes on a cutting and creasing press. Calendars of this variety 
are sold in lots of from loo to i.ooo or more to retail storekeej^ers 
in almost every line of business. The storekeepers have their adver- 
tisements neatly printed on the face of the calendars which are pre- 
sented to customers as well as to pros])ective ])atrons. 

Pajier caps f(;r workingmen. made in both oval and scjuare shapes, 
and containing ad\ertising matter, are given out by the advertisers 
at labor meetings. ])icnics, conventions, excursions, etc. In much 

98 



Cutouts Paper Box Men Can Produce 

the same way are the (h-inking cups distrihuted. The paper drink- 
ing cups are cut, pasted and fokled in such a manner that a dozen 
or more may he phiced in a man's coat pocket. 

DISPLAY CARDS FOR HmONS, PINS, ETC. 

Display cards for hokhng chains, soft-collar pins, huttons. and so 
forth, are made of a thick grade of paper hoard, covered with white 
or tinted glazed paper. Holes, or slits, are cut in the card for hold- 
ing the articles which are to he displayed. Dies for cutting the holes 
or .slits are made of 2-point steel cutting rule, and the cutting work 
may he done on any kind of a platen i)ress. .Advertising matter is 
printed on the face of the dis])kiy cards which are set on top of show 
ca.ses in retail stores. 

oriii.R Ki.NDS OF crrouTS 

Among the many other kinds of cardhoard cutouts that any pai)er 
box maker can readily produce are set-ins for hat l)oxes. cut with a 
round or oval hole for holding the crown of a hat; set-ins for ]K'r- 
fumery and jewelry l)oxes; and ".sanitary" hoxes, e(|ui])ped with a 
slot at one side, for holding adhesive tape. 




99 




-H. CHAPTER IX > 



SUGGESTIONS FOR NEW DESIGNS IN 
TOPS, LABELS AND WRAPPERS 

•^ «li;*!il> rr> 

RllJJ.Wr is the fiiturt' for tliosc paper box manufac- 
turers who are capal)le of olTeriug the l)uying public new 
ideas in the form of attractive packages. The public is 
ever on the watch for new things that are pleasing to the 
eye and a l)eautiful paper l)ox immediately wins favor. Progressive 
paper box manufacturers have long recognized this truth, of course, 
and are profiting bv originating new designs in box-tops, labels and 
wrappers as well as the boxes themselves. 

It always pays for a manufacturer to plan new things in his line. 

The paper box manufacturer who merely works on regular orders 
and who never offers liis customers, or prospectives. new sugges- 
tions for boxes, box-toj^s, labels or wrappers, is "cheating" himself 
out of a lot of good business. The box manufacturer should not be 
satisfied with the ordinary orders that come to his office during the 
regular course of business. These are the same orders which might 
easily go to a competitor, lie should make it a practice to think out 
new designs in paper boxes, wrappers, etc.. for the benefit of the 
merchandising field in general. 

When you originate something new and attractive in the form of 
a paper box. box-top. label or wrapper, you can usually sell quantity 
orders at your own figures. This is not always the case when the 
customer gives you a common-place order. 

-An interesting book of luany hundred pages could be written on 
the scUing pmvcr of beautiful packages, btit here we must content 
ourselves with a few ])ages on this subject. Think of the millions 
of dollars worth of merchandise that is sold yearly in this country 
with the aid of attractive paper boxes! Paper boxes have played an 
exceedingly important part in the development of many of the great 
American industries ; they have contributed to the business success of 
many of the best known manufacturing concerns ; and, there is not 
a retail store in the entire community that has not gained new busi- 
ness with the help of ])aper boxes. 

100 



New Dcs'ujns in Tops, Lahi'ls and Ifnippcys 

The average ])a])er l)(»x niaiuifacturer is certainly a modest person. 
He does not seem to realize the splendid work that he is doing in 
the way of develoj^ing hnsiness for the commercial world in general. 
Whenever he designs a new paper box. label or wrapper, he has 
probably produced something that eventually will help increase busi- 
ness for an endless miiuber of wholesalers and retailers. 

So much for the romantic side of this subject. Xow we shall 
take up the practical side with the intention of suggesting money- 
making ideas for any box manufacturer who will give these sugges- 
tions the essential study, h'ortunatel)-. the writer is in a ])osition 
not only to offer some helpful suggestions but also to tell how the 
practical work may be ])roduced. 'I'his statement is not meant in an 
egotistical sense. 'Phe fact is that the writer has had ojjportunities 
of seeing nianv new things ])roduced in certain ])lants, and this infor- 
mation is now being ])asscd on to the rea<U'r ot thi> book. 

Kindly note. howe\er. that the information about new designs, 
etc., ofifered in the following ])aragra])lis. is changed in such a man- 
ner as not to infringe ui)on the originators' rights. The reader is 
res])ectfully re(|uested to make use of his own imagination and is 
advisedj to change things around somewhat so that the various sug- 
gestions may be adopted to the reader's best advantage. For in- 
stance, why not a "blue (lower" (k'sign lor a wrai)i)er instead of a 
"blue bird" design ? 

.\ BOX WK.Al'IM.K Willi A Ki-ll. HIRD DI.SKiN 

The blue bird is regarded as the symbol ol hap])ines>. I )r. Henry 
\'an Dyke, poet and author, has adopted "The lUue J*'lower." in his 
book of that name, to "signify ha])i)iness. the sat is taction of heart." 
We see, then, that gracefullv-tornuul cand\' boxes. wra])ped with 
paper containing pictures ot either blue birds or blue Howers. have 
more than ordinar\- significance, and we can understand whv a 
thoughtful lover would prefer bming caiid\' lor bis lad\' in boxes 
of that variety. 

One ]ia])er box manulacturer ])lanned a blue ])ird di'sign for a box 
wrapper that subsecjuentK' scored a "hit" among candy makers. 
Several manufacturers of line handkerchiefs and neckwear also 
adopted the same st\le ol wrapper lor ibeu' luu' ol ])aper boxes. 
The design was made up of a large mnnber of small-size tigiu'cs of 
l)lue birds. ])rinted on white glazed ])a])er. Tlu' breasts of the birds 
were ])rinte(l in a vellowish-bulT lint, the balance of the figures being 
]>rinte(l in a warm tone of blue. This color scheme was ])leasing to 
the eye of the average i)erson. an<l the com])lete(l wrap])er. in general 
appearance, was tar renio\ed from the ordinar\- run ot bo.x-wraps. 

101 



Salt's Suyycstions for Paper Box M annfactiirt'rs 

PRINTING PATTERNS POR BOX WRAPPERS ON A CYLINDER PRESS 

It is the custom in many l)(>x manufacturers' printing plants to 
print all kinds of box wraj^pers on platen presses, and this custt)m 
is all right in cases where the runs do not exceed from To.ooo to 
20,000. With longer runs, say from 25,000 to loo.ooo, it is more 
economical to print tlie \vrai)pers. four u]) on a sheet, on a cylinder 
press than to print tliem .single on a ])laten ])ress. Special designs 
like the blue I)ird pattern referred to can l)e ])r()(luced on a cylinder 
press, four or more on a sheet, to excellent adxantage. 

After the original design for a box \vra])per has been drawn and 
l)assed upon, the drawing is sent to a ])hoto-engraver who makes a 
])late of the desired size from the drawing. Hy moving the position 
of his big camera backward or forward the })hoto-engraver can pro- 
duce a printing ])late with detail larger or smaller than the detail of 
the original drawing. When a design is to be i)rinted in two or 
more colors, it is necessary for the photo-engraver to make a sepa- 
rate printing plate for each color. The one drawing will serve the 
photo-engraver in etching two or more .seimrate ])lates for colors. 
After a photo-engraving of a design had been completed, the photo- 
engraving is sent to an electrotyper who is instructed to make as 
many electroty])es of the engraving as may ])e rec|uired. For a long 
nm of wrai)])ers on a cylinder press — a run which will ])robably 
have re])eat orders in the future — from four to eight electrotypes are 
usually made. In one i)rinting office the writer saw running at high 
speed a large cylinder ])ress with a form containing eight (8) electro- 
types of an "all-over" ])attern for box wrappers. The "all-over" 
pattern suggested an imitation grained leather effect. ])rinted in dark 
green ink on glazed paper of primrose tint. When ])aper boxes were 
neatly covered witli tliis jirinted paper the etTect was handsome in- 
deed. 

THE IMITATION MAR B Li". EEFEC I" 

Here is an idea for an out-of-the-ordinary ])ox wrap])er which was 
thought out by a well-known paper l)ox manufactiu'er and which 
proved to be a "big number" : 

First, the box manufacturer had made an original drawing sug- 
gesting a photographic reproduction of beautifully formed marble, 
or stone. The drawing was done on white cardboard, and from this 
sketch a spacious half-tone plate was etched l)y a])hoto-engraver. The 
half-tone plate was large enough to completely cover a sheet of 
glazed pai)er which in turn was large enough to cover a good-size 
set-up paper box. A smaller size half-tone plate was made from the 
same drawing to serve for the wrapper for the lid of the box. 

102 



New Dcsiyns in Tops, Labels and Jf^rappcrs 

Second, four electrotypes were made of the larger-size half-tone 
for the box wrappers, and four electrotypes were made from the 
smaller-size half-tone for the lid wrappers. 

Third, all of the eight electrotypes were locked uj) together in a 
chase to be run on a cylinder press, about i i() of an inch space be- 
ing allowed between the edges of the ])lates to provide for trimming 
after the sheets had been printed. 

Fourth, the sheets were then printed in various tints, white glazed 
stock being used. One lot of sheets was printed in shell-pink tint, 
another lot was done in turquoise blue tint ; still another lot of stock 
was printed in pale pea green. The ditTerent effects were strikingly 
beautiful, and the delicate coloring made it appear as though the 
paper had originally, been made with the marble pattern instead of 
the backgroimd having been printed on the pa])er. On account of 
the design ])eing printed in such light shades of ink the fine screen 
of the half-tone plates was ])ractically in\isible. yet the detail of the 
pattern could readily be seen. 

After a su])ply of these \vra])pers had I)een ])rinted and cut apart 
to required sizes, the manufacturer had srunples of the wra])])ers 
mailed to a carefully selected list of customers and pros]K^ctives, 
along with a form letter calling attention to the new line. 'I'he letter 
also explained that the manufacturer would gladly furnish sample 
I)oxes covered with the uni(|ue wrapping i)aper. on recjuest. This 
manufactiu'er employs a munber of traveling salesmen and samples 
of the "marl)le" wrappers, along with samples of other new-style 
wra|)]iers. were placed in the hands of these salesmen. 

It was not long before the manufacturer bad received a dozen or 
more sul:)stantial orders for paper Ixixes covt'red with the specially- 
designed wrapi)ers mentioned, and in several instances the orders 
came from new customers- former "prospectives" that the manu- 
facturer had been trying to win for some years ])ast. These new 
patrons liad been gained simply because the bo.x-maker had demon- 
strated to them a business-l)uilding idea which they could use to 
advantage, and there was no higgling oxer the ((ueslion of ])rice. 

A CUKCKER-HOAKI) DI.SKJX ■ 

Another enterprising ])ai)er box manufacturer ])laimed a series of 
new-designed box wra])pers which eventually led to substantial orders 
for paper lioxes. ( )ne of tlie most {popular designs of the series was 
a miniature checker-l)oard pattern. 'IMiis ]iattern. consisting of solid 
l)locks about ]4, cf an inch s(|uare. was printed in two colors on plain 
white label jiaper. Se\er.'il different color schemes were used like 

10.3 



SaUs Siiyycstwns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

pale pink and tint green, pale blue and buff, yellow and black, etc. 
Tbe effect was delightful, suggesting a "Mardi-Cxras" atmosphere. 
These checker-board wrappers were applied to odd-shaped boxes 
of various kinds. An oval-shaped box, used for holding two pounds 
of an expensive ])rand of candw presented a particularly handsome 
appearance. Another novelty was a round box with extension top 
and bottom, covered with the checkered paper in pale pink and tint 
green. 

J'llK STRIFE KFFECr IN' WRAPPERS 

Doubtless the reader has often seen large-size hat l)oxes covered 
with strii)ed i)ai)er of various colors, the stri])es usuallv as wide as 
half-an-inch and printed in black, dark blue or ])ro\\n. This is the 
design which probably led one box manufacturer to a])ply practically 
the same pattern to a series of wrap])ers for smaller-size boxes, and 
the idea turned out (piite successful. 

These strii)ed wrappers were printed in large sheets on a c\linder 
press from electrot\'pes containing M)lid lines about ' ,s of an inch 
wide, and these lines spaced ai)art ' s of an inch. The printing was 
done on ])lain white label ])aper in dift'erent coIims like i)earl gray, 
burnt-orange, bronze blue, olive green, dark ])ro\\n and emerald 
green, \\ith the striped pajjer ap])lied to the boxes with the strijies 
running \ertical. the effect was highly satisfactory. 

One da}' the foreman of the press-room where a large order of 
these stri|)ed wra])pers were being ])ro(luce(l. sto])ped to inspect one 
of tbe ])rinted sheets, and while glancing at the rows of long lines 
on the sheet he suddenly thought of a unique idea for a two-color 
effect. The thought was to use the same form which was on the 
])ress for ])rinting a second color after the brst color had been ap- 
])lie(l. This idea was carried out with gratifving results. ( )ne form 
was ])rinted in bronze blue on plain white ])a])er. The ])ress and 
rollers were then writhed up for a >econd color — a delicate tint blue 
made by mixing a \ery small (|uantity of the bronze blue with a 
(juantity of mixing white ink. Tlu' feeding guide on the press was 
then moved so that the second color would ])rint and register be- 
tween the white spaces formed by the rules, or lines, on the first 
printing. ( )ther pleasing coUtr schemes were dark brown and light 
brown tint, dark green and light green tint. etc. 

The main advantage of this simple-two-color ])lan is that a com- 
parativt'l}' inex])ensive grade of white label ])aper may be used, and 
ot course, any kind of color or tint can be ])rinted on white ])aper 
without ditffculty. 

Practically the same color effects — dark blue and pale blue stripes, 
dark brown and tint brown stripes, etc. — may be obtained with one 

104 



New Di'siyns in Tops, Labels and JFrappcrs 

printing l)y using stuck of the desired tint, although it is not always 
an easy matter to buy. an inexpensive grade of label paper made in 
assorted tints. Print stripes in bronze blue on light blue paper ( for 
example j. and the effect will be almost as good as though the light 
blue "stripes," formed l)y the light blue paper, had been printed on. 

OUT-()F-rHi:-()KDINAKV BOX TOPS 

Some paper box manufacturers are making a si)eci{dtv of color 
printing as applied to wrappers for lids of set-up paper boxes, and in 
many instances the box-tops, as they are often termed, are the means 
of making the paper boxes exceedingly attractive. The ]x)x tops 
usually consist of white or colored glazed paper, cut to a size that 
will adequately cover the top and sides of the box lid, and printed in 
one or more colors. Frequently the printed subject is a beautiful 
picture, done in three or four colors, and then embossed. Often the 
l)icture is framed in a gold-leafed, or bronzed border which is also 
embossed. 

The writer is i)ers()nall}- acipiainted witli several paper ])ox manu- 
facturers who are continually producing fancy box-to])s of this 
variety, and tads are offered herewith technically exj)laining how 
some of the color effects are produced. 

One of the most successful designs was the picture of a buncli of 
lilacs, faithfully reproduced in the ])ale. pinkish-purple color of this 
flower on white glazed paper. It recjuired four (4) separate half- 
tone plates and four successive printings — yellow, red, blue and 
black — to complete the colored i)icture, but the results were worth 
the time and trouble. Absolute close-register feeding was essential, 
and process cok)r printing inks of fme ([uality were also neces.sary. 
Alter the pictures had l)een printed and allowed to dry, the subject 
was embossed so as lo form a buncli of lilacs in has relief. 

The quality and beauty of this box-top were so excellent that ui)on 
seeing a few samjjjes a certain manufacturer of toilet articles imme- 
diately placed an order for many thousands of set-up l)oxes to have 
lids covered with wrappers like the samples. 

Many other large orders for [)a])er lioxes ha\e been "created" 
with the help of handsome box-tops like the lilac design referred to. 
Among some of the ])opular mnnbers were the following: 

Pictin-e ot three American IJeautv roses, printed in true colors 
with process color ])lates (yellow, red. blue and dark grev). This 
design was embossed. 

I'lcture of bunch ot violets, done in process colors and enilxissed. 

Picture of two orchids, beautifully rein-oduced in natural colors 
and embossed. 

105 



Sdlt'S Sucjcic'stions for Paper Box Manitfactiircys 

Picture of three po'niscttia ('"Christmas flower"), t^racefully 
grouped and shar])ly eml)ossed. This numher proved immensely 
popular during the Christmas season as wrap]:)ers tor handkerchief 
boxes, neckwear hoxes, candy boxes, etc., and judging from this 
record, this design will maintain its pt)])ularity for years to come. 

A well-known manufacturer of candy desired an unusual design 
for a i)aper l)ox wrap])er — a design that woukl advertise the name 
of his product to good advantage — and with this purpose in mind he 
went to a certain ])aper box man and asked for his advice. After a 
short conference the box-maker suggested a design for the wrapper 
which subsequently was adopted, and which is now familiar to buyers 
of candy in many ])arts of the United States. 

This design, originally outlined with a lead ])encil by the ])a])er box 
man referred to. consists of an "'all-oNer" pattern formed by hun- 
dreds of reproductions of the candy manufacturer's name, written 
in a heavy toned scrij)!. This pattern is first prmted in gold size; 
rich-gold bronze powder is dusted over the size, and after the print- 
ing is dry. all of the detail is sharply embossed, (ilazed paper of 
primrose color is used, and the gold embos.sed pattern on this back- 
ground makes a rich appearance. 

TVPK-.\M>-li()RllI.K FORMS FOR B()\-I"()PS 

It is surprising what an artistic typographer can j^-oduce in the 
way of type-and-border designs for box-tops. Handsome effects are 
produced from display type series like Ho(k)ni Bold. Cheltenham Bold. 
Caslon Bold. Goudy Bold, and other i)()]nilar ty]ie faces of this 
varietv. The typograj)hic design is usuall\" framed in a decorative 
type border, of design and tone to harmonize' with the style of type 
used. 

Combination borders are made bv combining several different kinds 
of l)orders into one. and the tasteful com])()sit()r can easily produce 
work of this class in a comparatively short space of time. In some 
cases a large-size combination border is ])rinted in two different col- 
ors, like dark green and bright red, for exam])le. thus adding interest 
to the reading matter displayed on the wrapi)er. 

Dealers in glazed papers offer a wide assortment of tints and col- 
ors, such as primrose, corn, goldenrod, ])ink, turquoise, buff, pea- 
green, gray, light brown and pale blue. With this delightful assort- 
ment of colors the ])rinter of box tops can readily combine ty])e de- 
signs and colors of ])rinting ink that will be adai)table to every piu'- 
pose of a box-top. b"or e\ami)le, print a neatly composed ty])e-and- 
border form in bronze blue ink on pale blue glazed paper; bronze 
green on primrose ; dark bronze red on corn color stock, and so on. 

106 



Ni'w Dcsiyns in Tops, Labels and Ji^rappcrs 

Many other good cok)r schemes of this kind will douhtless suggest 
themselves to the reader. 

When ])rinting forms containing lines of extra-heavy type like 
4<S-])oint Cheltenham Bold, 6o-point Bodoni Bold, etc., on highly 
glazed ])a])er. the printing ink will have a tendency to "lift," or 
"pick" the glazed surface of the paper, and to overcome this difficulty 
it is often essential to reduce the body of the ink with paste dryer, 
or with a small quantity of oo boiled linseed oil. When the reducing 
substance is added to the ink, however, it will cause the ]:»rinting to 
appear "niotlev," or broken into various sj)ots ot color, and to elim- 
inate this effect, a small (juantity of powder should be thoroughly 
mixed into the ink: Mix fine carbon black with black inks of all 
kinds; mix line ultramarine blue ])owder with all shades of blue or 
green inks; mix vermilion red powder with any shade of red ink. 

With the addition of the reducing compound .and the j^owder the 
j^rinting ink dries with a beautiful dull Hnish on the glazed ])aper, 
suggesting the best lithography. 

L.ABKLS FOR Illl'. INSIDl. OF BOX FIUS 

Countless numbers ot largi-r-^i/.c paper boxes, used tor holding 
medical accessories, rubber goods, gloves, towels, and ])atented arti- 
cles of many kinds, have attractively-printed labels on the inside of 
their lids, so that when a box of this class is set upon a counter in a 
store the lid niav be left open, showing the i)rinte(l matter on the 
inside of the lid. It is understood, of course, thai boxes of this kind 
have Jiinijcd lids, and are used for display purposes in retail stores, 
show-windows, etc. 

The writer saw in a large de])artnient store a table display ot lace 
and bath towels which was attracting a great deal of attention, and a 
cou|)le of sales-girls who were in charge of the display were kej)t 
busy taking orders. The towels, two of the face size, and one of the 
bath size, were packed in a sealed container, and the container in turn 
was placed in a nice paper box. The lid of the box was hinged, and 
pa.sted to the inside of the box-lid was a handsomely ])rinted label, 
done in bright red ink on white glazed i)api'r. The table display re- 
ferred to consisted of a large mnnber of these ])a])er boxes with lids 
opened wide to show the contents. It ])resented a tempting exhibit, 
and without (juestion the neat pa])er boxes and the attractive labels 
on the inside of the lids had much to do with the success of the .sale. 

Any paper box manufacturer is capable t)f thinking out new styles 
of paper box wra])pers. l)ox-to])s and labels, for new lines of mer- 
chandise as they are ready to be placed on the m.arket, and the box- 
manufacturer will exi^erience little ditliculty in scUnuj his ideas to 

107 



Sales Siigycstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

progressive manufacturers who need attractive paper boxes, wrajv 
pers, box-tops and labels for boosting the sale of their wares. 

A manufacturer of perfumery, soap, and tine toilet requisites held 
a conference with a ])rominent paper box maker in reference to a 
new line of holiday goods that the perfumery man was planning to 
])UL on the market. It was up to the paper box maker to suggest 
ideas, and he did so to the mutual benefit of both jiarties. The end 
of the interview found the l)ox man with orders in hand for the fol- 
lowing : 

Large size paper boxes, round corners, extension top and bottom, 
and equipped with shoulder: hinged lid. Inside of box to be covered 
with satin material, outside to ])e covered with specially-designed 
I)a])er suggesting brocade. These boxes were to be used for holding 
an assortment of toilet articles. 

Small, round paper boxes, dome top. shoulder, extension toj:) and 
bottom. Covered with paper to match the color of the wrapper on 
the outside of the large-size box. To l)e used for holding face ])owder. 

Small, hexagon-shaped boxes, dome top. shoulder, covered with 
paper to match the i)aper on the outside of the larger-sized box. The 
hexagon-sha])ed box was to l)e used for holding a cake of line. ])er- 
fumed soap. 

Smaller-size round boxes, extension U)\\ and bottom, and with 
shoulder, covered on the same style as the other bo.xes in this set. 
This I)ox to hold a cake of rouge. 

The box manufacturer also received orders for ])rinting colored 
labels for the tops of the smaller-size l)oxes, and colored labels for 
the fronts of perfumery and toilet-water bottles. 

When the coml)inatii)n set of toilet articles was ])acked and ready 
for sale it certainly made a s])lendid showing. In the large-size box 
was neatly j^acked the following: 

l-5ottle of fine perfume, bottle of toilet-water, small round box 
filled with face powder, hexagon-shaped box containing cake of per- 
fuiued soap, small round box containing cake of rouge. The lid of 
the large-size box was tied down with heavy jnirple satin ril)bon. 
This rough "word picture" can convey merely a faint outline of this 
beaittiftil holiday offering, but the sketch should l)e plain enough to 
suggest good selling ideas to the reader. 

Mr. Paper Box Manufacturer, the field is wide open for you and 
your ideas for new designs of paper l)Oxes. wra])])ers. labels, etc. 
Manufacturers in many dift'erent lines of merchandise are hungry 
for live selling stiggestions in the way of attractive packages. Are 
you doing vour ])art in this im])ortant sales-])roniotion work .'' 

108 




■H. CHAPTER X }<>• 



KEEPING THE BOX MANUFAC- 
TURER'S PRINT SHOP BUSY 

tt -a^^fHD* tt> 

I\1M.\1\IL\. the i)ai)er box niannfacturcr's i)rintint( 
])lant is U) l)e used for the {)r()(hicti()n of printed matter 
Hke l)ox wrappers and labels which yoes into the work 
of makini^ i)ai)er boxes. In normal times the average 
])ox manufacturer's print shop is usually l)usy on orders of wrap- 
pers, embossing, labels, bronzing, gold-leating. and printed forms 
for folding boxes and cartons, and when the i)lant is running to 
capacity on work of this variety, there is no occasion for doing work- 
classed as "job" and commercial printing. 

In the second ])lace. however, during a period when a bcjx manu- 
facturer's ])rint shop may not liave enough "regular" work to keep 
all the presses running, there is o])portunity to consider at least the 
plan of keeping the de])artment active on other kinds of work. For 
instance, there seems to l)e no reason for iiol rinming the box- 
maker's printerv on orders for job work when orders for box wrap- 
pers and other work of that class are exceedingly low. 

Every j)ai)er box manufacturer wlio is o])erating a printing de- 
partment in connection with his box factory is doubtless ojx^rating 
the printing department for the i)urpose of making money. The 
well-equip])ed and carefully-managed printing (lei)artment is bound 
to earn profits for the box maker. ])rovided that there is sufficient 
work to keep it busy, but sometimes it is not rm easy matter to kee]) 
the plant busy, and in such a case the l)ox manufacturer should be 
willing to study the problem with the intention of solving it in the 
best way possible. 

This is an important cha])ter for the reason that it is designed to 
tell the ])aper box manufacturer how he may keep his printing ])lant 
profitably employed during all seasons of the year. ( )nly plain facts 
will be mentioned in the following ])aragraphs — information which 
should prove of helpful suggestion to any manufacturer of paper 
boxes who is operating a ])rinting department — and these facts have 

109 



Sales Siigycstions for Paper Box Maiiiifaetiirers 

been gained by tbe writer tbrougb personal visits to paper box fac- 
tories having first-class printing plants. 

It is not the writer's purpose to advocate the plan of the box manu- 
facturer using his printing department in competition with exclusive 
printing concerns, although in some instances this has ])een success- 
fully done by paper box manufacturers. Let us be clearly under- 
stood on this point: The box maker should stick close to his own 
field and the printer should keep to his field. Nevertheless, there 
is a naturally close relationshi]) between the pa])er box making and 
printing industries, and to a large extent each one of these two great 
industries benefits from tlie other. Numerous ])rinting plants are 
constantly liandling ])ig orders for printed wra])])ers, box to])s, labels, 
and other work of this group for ])aper box manufacturers who have 
no printing plants of their own. ( )ii the other hand, some box 
makers are producing set-u]) ])aper boxes, >hi])])ing containers, fold- 
ing boxes and cartons for ])rinting concerns. 

The writer knows of several printing firms who are operating small- 
size printing plants almost exclusively on work for ])ai)er l)ox manu- 
facturers ; of several printing concerns who are operating folding 
box making de])artments in connection with their ])rinting ])lants ; 
and. of several box manufacturers who are oijcrating ])rinting ])1ants 
in com])etition witli "regular" printers, tso alter all has been said 
and done, it is merely a matter of ojiinion as to whether ])aper box 
manufacturers and ])rinters should compete with one another or not. 
But. there are small ])ossibilities of com])etition between these two 
interests for the simple reason that box makers and printers usually 
have enough of their own ]:)articular work to keep them hustling, 
and there is little time to s|)are for investigating other industrial 
fields. 

The ])a[)er box manufacturer who ])()ssesses a well-equipped ])rint- 
ing ])lant is in a ])osition to ])roduce all kinds of ])rinted matter in 
addition to box wra])s. box tops, labels and printing on folding 
boxes and cartons. With the same type and mechanical eciuipment. 
used for box wra])pers. etc.. it is possible to ])rint all kinds of job 
and commercial work, office stationery, factory forms, and advertis- 
ing literature. 

KINDS OF WORK PRODUCED IN ONE BOX MANUFACTl' RER's 

PRINT SHOP 

Located in the city of Philadelphia is a certain ])aper box maiiu- 
facturing firm that ])ossesses a first-class ])rinting })lant. and it is in- 
teresting to see the many difi'erent kinds of printed matter which 
are continually being produced in this shop. The major portion of 

110 



Keeping the Box Manufuctiirer' s Print Shop Busy 

this work is for the company's own requirements, l)ut the other por- 
tions are for patrons of the firm who are l)uying the printed matter 
in addition to purchasing paper boxes. 

To give the reader an idea of the versatihty of this printing office, 
among the many uni(jue j()l)s which were recently prochiced was a 
large order of clock dials, printed in aluminum ink, the numerals 
being left white so that they could be filled in, after the printing, 
with a patented "radium," or luminous preparation. These dials are 
used for a well-known line of illuminated clocks, the kind that have 
luminous figures on the dials which can be read in absolute darkness. 
With the entire surface of the dial printed in aluminum ink, with tlie 
exception of the numbers, the efifect is beautiful. 

Factory forms, time slieets, and loose leaf forms of manv dift'erent 
kinds are printed in this shop, and in some cases the orders have been 
for as many as 50,000 coi)ies of a i)articular form. These forms are 
of bond or ledger ])aper, ruled on pen-ruling machines before the 
printing is done. The type matter consists of small sizes of tyjx'. 
set and s])aced in such a manner that the various headings and sub- 
headings will strike accurately in the ruled "boxes," or columns on 
the .sheets, it recjuires a good compositor to set intricate forms of 
this class, and the feeding of tlie sheets in the ])ress-work must be 
done carefully. All things considered, however, il is a comparativelv 
simple class of printed matter and could readily ])e handled in the 
average box manufacturer's ])rinting ofiice at a high rate of speed. 

The use of factory forms and loose leaf fctrms of many different 
kinds is raj)idly increasing in all lines of ])usiness. This means that 
the paper box manufacturers them.selves are using more ])rinted 
forms in their factories and business offices than in the ])ast. and it 
is safe to say that these forms often are the means of saving time, 
labor and money. The modern system of keei)ing track of factory 
costs with the aid of printed loose leaf forms designed especially for 
dififerent jjiu-poses, is an excellent system, and is one that should be 
adopted by every manufacturer. 

Box manufacturers having their own i)rinting departments can 
have all factory forms and ofiice forms i)rinted in their own ])lants, 
and if they care to do so, there is no reason whv thev cannot i)rint 
forms of the same class for other business concerns. There is 
always an op])ortunity to design new factory and office forms for 
the purpose of simplifying the work of I)ookkee])ing and accounting, 
and printed forms of this kind are constantly needed in everv line 
of business. 

To return to the subject of the printing jilant referred to. among 
other things ])roduced in this ofiice are business cards, letter heads, 

111 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

envelopes, statements, and bill heads. Some of this work is printed 
in plain black or dark blue ink. while some is done in two or more 
colors. One order was for lo.ooo letter heads. 8^^ x ii inches, 24- 
pound bond paper; the printed matter consisted of a beautifully de- 
signed heading, done in three colors, bronze green, pale green and 
bright red. This design was ]M-inted in close register, making accurate 
feeding essential, and the completed work was up to a high point of 
perfection. 

Corner cards for sizes 6, 6j4. 6]/2, 6^. 9 and 10 envelopes are 
composed and i)rinted in large numbers in this sho]:). and many 
"runs" of the smaller sizes of envelojjes. like size 6}<, for example, 
range all the way from i.ooo to 25.000. The box manufacturer has 
large numbers of these envelopes printed for use in his own business 
offices, while other orders are produced for his customers. 

For the information of those who may not be familiar with the 
fact, all kinds of envelo])es should be printed witli their flaps ojxmed 
flat so as to prevent the glue on the flaps from injuring type or plate 
during the printing. Some printers follow the ])ractice of first hav- 
ing the flai)s of the envelopes opened, and then having the ])erson 
feeding the envelopes close the flaps as the printed envelopes are 
taken from the j^ress. This is easy work for any experienced press 
feeder, and it is a plan that saves some time. 

The box maker referred to also has all kinds of business stationery 
that is used in his own of^ces printed in his own plant. This line of 
work includes business cards for the traveling .salesmen, letter heads, 
done in two colors; bill heads, statements and vouchers. All of this 
work is ])rinted from type, composed in a neat style. The paper 
stock is of good quality; the' printing ink is of high grade, and the 
press work is above the average. In this way. the box maker's lousi- 
ness stationery compares favorably with lithographed, die-stamped 
or plate-])rinted stationerv. and reflects the character of his house in 
the right light. 

Every paper box manufacturer should make it ai rule to use only 
first-class business stationery, whether it be type printed, litho- 
graphed, steel plate j^-inred or die-stamped, for the reason that his 
letter heads, bill heads. envelo])es. etc.. often enter the best-a])i)ointed 
business establishments in the country, and when the stationery fails 
to present "a nice front." it is apt to lose orders for the box maker. 
The character of your house, the quality of your product, is often 
judged by the appearance of your Inisiness stationery, and under no 
circumstances can a manufacturer of high grade pa])er boxes aflford 
to use cheap-looking letter heads, business cards, etc. If you have 
your own printing plant, select one of the most artistic compositors 

112 



Keeping the Box Manufacturer' s Print Shop Busy 

for the composition of all work that is to he used in your own office. 
Insist on the paper stock, the printing- ink and the ])ress work all 
l)eing of excellent quality. With the proper attention to fine details, 
it is possible to i)roduce from type forms letter headini^s, hill heads. 
])usiness cards, envelopes and so forth, so handsome in appearance 
as to win approval from your hest patrons and prospective customers. 

Among the many different lines of work now being turned out in 
this hox maker's jirintery are labels in almost every size imaginal)le. 
Some of these labels are printed on gummed i)aper. t)thers are printed 
on plain label stock. vSome forms are printed in a single color, such 
as ])lack. blue, green, red or ])rown ; other forms are ])rinted in two 
colors, like green and brown, red and black, orange and blue. etc. 
Jn some instances colored pictures are printed on either gummed 
l)aper or plain stock. In other cases the design for the label was first 
beautifully done in colors and gold, and afterwards the ])rinted de- 
sign was embossed. 

'J'hese lal)els are used for \arious purposes, including to])s for 
toilet boxes, the sides of i)a])er boxes and inside the lids of sel-up 
boxes. Alany of the fancy labels are for perfumer)' bottles, face 
])ow(ler boxes, small size soap ])oxes and other articles of this variety. 
Some of the larger size labels are used as to])s for ])aper ])oxes — the 
kind which are often made for holding fountain syringes, medical 
goods, instruments and fine writing ])a])er. 

The reader is to understand that the great majority of these labels 
are not like the ordinarv run of box labels which are ])rinted in the 
average box manufacturer's printing office, but are of the kind that 
may be seen u])on bottles, jars. tins, and tanc\' boxes in lirst-class 
drug stores. Some of the tancv lal)els are cut out into odd shapes to fit 
odd-shaped paper Ixtxes. These technical ])oints are mentioned to 
demonstrate the great variety of labels that can ])e ])r()(luced in any 
box manufacturer's print sho]) under efficient management, (aunmed 
labels, and even the so-called "advertising stickers," can also be 
printed in the box maker's ])rintery without great diUiculty. 

now TMK PAPKK IJOX MANUFAC rTKHK MA^ l'R( )I)l'(,'K HIS 
OWN ADVKRTISINC; MATIKR 

This is a subject which deserves a long article in itself, but there 
is onl\' sufficient space in this cha])ter to touch u])on this subject in a 
general way. The first ])oint is that our friend, the box maker, who 
is operating such a successful printing plant, is ])ro(lucing a lot of 
good advertising matter for his own ])ul)licit_\'. This advertising- 
matter has been well received and has resulted in substantial orders 
lor both paper boxes and priufiiuf. 

113 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

One of the most popular pieces of advertising matter which this 
hox maker ever distril)nted was in the form of an eight-page hooklet, 
entitled "Telephone List." On the cover page of this hooklet was 
the hox maker's advertisement, neatly composed and printed. The 
inside pages of the hooklet were ruled with lines in such a manner 
that telephone numhers along with names and addresses of lousiness 
firms could be written on the lines in al])hal)etical order. F'or ex- 
am])le, there w^ere about a dozen lines under the printed heading A ; 
about a dozen lines under l>, and so on all through the al])habet. The 
size of each page was 41/ x 1 1 inches. The booklet was ])unched 
and corded near the top so that it could be hung u]) in a jilace near 
the telephone. 

'i'his "Telephone List" bocjklet made a I)ig hit immediately as it 
was distributed among the business men of the city, and it was not 
long before the box maker received requests for additional copies. 
He was quick to recognize the ])owcrful selling force of this adver- 
tising, and he instructed the printers to make up additional lots of the 
booklets as the demand for them increased. It proved to be rcuicm- 
brance advertising of a most useful and lasting nature ; it created 
good will among the recipients, and eventiiall\- led up to ])rotitable 
new business for the box manufacturer. ])oth in orders for printed 
matter and orders for i)aper boxes. 

Wall calendars, blotters, motto cards, folders, and circular letters 
are among the other kinds of publicity matter which this box maker 
is sending out from time to time, and all of which are ])roduced 
right in his own ])rintery. The wall, calendars are of the class that 
are most wanted by business men — those ecjuipped with monthly 
leaflets printed in large size figures which may be easily read from a 
distance. These calendars contain no ])ictorial subjects, but merely 
the box maker's advertisement printed attractively in colors, yet they 
are serving a far more useful purpose than some of the fine illus- 
trated calendars equipped with small figures that are hard to read. 

Personally, the writer is in favor of large size wall calendars con- 
taining colorful pictures of modern factories, machine shops, work- 
rooms, etc., for the reason that pictures of this class always convey 
a message in the business office where the calendar is to hang for an 
entire year. W hat could be more interesting in the way of pictorial 
subjects for advertising calendars than busy scenes from a paper box 
plant? A scene showing the new style automatic wrapping machines 
in operation would certainly mean something more than a picture of 
a pretty girl's head. 

Now is the time for the l)ox manufacturer, having a well-organ- 
ized print shop, to prepare a handsome new wall calendar for the 

114 



Kci'p'nuj the Box Maniifactiirt'r s Print Shop Biisx 

new year. Have the work done during slack periods, and have the 
calendars ready hy next Decemher for distrihution among customers 
and prospectives. Make it an artistic piece of printing with bright, 
warm colors, and with monthly leaflets that may easily be read. A 
calendar of this character will bring you new business. 

The advertising blotters which were sent out by the box maker 
referred to were ditferent from the ordinary advertising blotter in 
several respects : First, the size was 4;^ x 8 inches — a size that is 
wider than the average blotter, making it difficult for the user of this 
larger size blotter to "file" it away in a pigeon hole of a desk. Sec- 
ond, the printed matter, done in dark green and ])rig"ht red, was set 
the narrow way of the blotter — the 4-j4 inches way — presenting an 
unusual appearance, as most blotters are printed the long wav for no 
])articular reason. Third, a new st}le blotter stock was used, stock 
having a fairly smooth surface on both sides and both sides having 
absorl)ent qualities. 

Blotters of this kind serve a doublN-useful i)m'])ose as either sick- 
may be used for blotting fresh ink, yet the surface of the stock is 
smooth enough to permit of the printing of half-tone illustrations. 
P)lotter stock that is enameled on one side to allow for half-tone 
])rinting is not popular aiuong business men in general for the reason 
that only one side of the stock mav be used for blotting, and fre- 
(juently a busy person is apt to use the enamelecl side b\- mistake, 
thus causing a blurred signature. 

The motto cards referred to consisted of famous (|uolations of 
great i:)oets or writers, i)rinled on white or tinted card I)oard, about 
7x5 inches in size. An ornamented initial letter and border, printed 
in colors, helped in making the cards attractive. In the lower left- 
hand corner of the card, printed in small ty])e was the box maker's 
advertisement. These cards were mailed to customers and prospec- 
tives, to be hung upon the walls of business ofiices, sales rooms, work 
rooms, etc. Here is a suggestion for one of the motto cards: 

It is our true policy to steer clear of f^criinuieiit alliances 
Zi.'ith any portion of the foreign xcorld. 

( jIvORC.i: W ash I XC.TON. 

This is merely a suggestion for an interesting wall card, and it is 
an easy ])ro])osition tor anv advertiser to find hundreds of other 
well-known ([notations from the standard works of literatm'e. One of 
the best books for this ])urpose is "Familiar Ouotations," by John 
Bartlett, which ma\- be consulted in anv ])ublic library. 

Enough has been written on this subject to pro\e that the paper 
box manufacturer's printing office can l)e made to produce many 
other things in addition to printed wrappers and cartons. 

115 



■'^H[ CHAPTER XI ><• 



ENGRAVING PROCESSES BOX 
MANUFACTURER SHOULD KNOW 




"lai^fsre" 



"", X you see at close range how a certain tliint;" is manu- 
tactured, yoiu" respect for that thing' is greatly increased. 
Take an electrotype plate, for exani])le. Douhtless you 
are familiar with the process of electrotyping, hut if you 
have never had an opportunity to visit an electr()t\])e foundrv vou 
should arrange to do so. After you ha\e seen the some twentv or 
more different ])rocesses that are essential in the making of a hrst- 
class electrotype plate, you will never again look at an electrotv])e 
without having a high regard for it. 

So it is with man\- well-known ])rocesses such as steel and cop])er 
plate engraving, steel die engraving, j^late printing, steel die stamp- 
ing, emhossing, etc. These various processes are heing used in the 
paper hox industr\' to no little extent, and it hehooves the paper hox 
manufacturer, who may not he acquainted with these ])rocesses. U) 
learn as much practical knowledge ahout them as j^ossihle. 

It will ])ro\e ])leasing, interesting and instrnctix'e to anv ])a])er hox 
manufacturer to visit a high class commercial engraving estahlish- 
ment and to see there the actual processes of steel and copper plate 
engraving, steel die engraxing. ])late ])rinting. steel die stamping and 
emhossing. We refer ])rinci|)allv to the kinds of die-stamped prodtict 
which are used e\ten>ively for hue ])a])er hox to])s. Some folks call 
them '"hox to])s." while others term them "hox wra])])ers." Be that 
as it may. it is an interesting fact that manv of the most heautiful 
designs produced in the steel engraving held are applied to wrajDpers 
for paper hoxes. 

Among the wide \ariety ot die-stam])ed to])s. or wra])pers, which 
are now heing used for different lines of ])a])er hoxes of the set-up 
type, are those designed for the following kinds of merchandise: 
Confectionery, jewelry, soaj), ]:ierfumery. silverware, toilet articles, 
stationerv. haherdasher\-. etc. We have mentioned nierelv a few of 



Note. — Tlie beautiful examples of die-stamped box-tops illustrated in this chapter 
are shown through the courtesy of the Vose-Swain Engraving Co., Boston, Mass. 

116 



Engraving Processes Box NIanitfaclitrcr Should Knozv 

the numerous specialties which are packed in fine paper hoxes, and 
boxes of this group are particularly adapted to beautiful die-stamped 
wraps. 

Many of the leading confectioners are now using die-stamped 
wrappers for their candy boxes, and in numerous instances the en- 
graved design is embossed in two or more colors. Fancy papers, of 
original tints and of s]:)ecial patterns, are frequently used in connec- 
tion with tlie die-stamped designs, and the effects are delightful when 
the correct color harmony is obtained between the colors of the 
paper and the colors of the design. 

THE rrii.irv of die-si ampkd box wrappers 

Suppose that vou wanted a colored design for a ])ai)t'r ])ox wra])per 
— a design that would be of the fniest ([uality that mone\- could l)uy 
— the w'rappers to be used tor tlie tmest kind ot ])a])t'r boxes, and 
the l)o.xes to be used for holding a s])ecial brand ol candy, jewelry, 
perfumery bottles or something else in the wav of hrst grade mer- 
chandise. Yotir want would be su])plied ])y ordering the colored de- 
sign reproduced by the ])rocess of steel die engra\ing. ])rovided of 
course that the original design be made by a genuine artist, and the 
engraving and ])ress work be done by ex]^erts in their ])articular lines. 

Die-stamped product is Ix'tter from both artistic rmd mechanical 
stand]:)oints than either tyi)ogra])hic printing or lithograi)hy. The 
latter two processes are all right for the major portion of all paper 
box wrappers produced, but the die-stam])ed \\ra])pers are for occa- 
sions where the finest art designs are a])pro])riate. b'or e.\am|)le. a 
confectioner mav be catering to an exlusive class of trade — discrim- 
inating men and women who bu\' onlv tlu' choice brands of candy. 
A ])erson of this class is (|uick to recogni/.e the difterence between 
a ty])e-])rinted box wra])])er and a die-stam])ed box wra])])i'r. There 
is something charming about a handsome die-stamped ])aper bt)x to]) 
that a])peals to a person of rehnement. The detail of a die-stamped 
design stands up shar])l\ above the surface of the i)aper. \'ou like 
to rub your hngers o\er the raised characters and "feel" the excellent 
(juality of the work. 

Paper bo.x manutacturers who are specializing in tine ])aper l)o.xes 
for jewelers. ])erfumers. confectioners, etc.. should \y.i\ closer atten- 
tion to the matter of die-stam])ed l)ox to])s. In many instances you 
can "create" substantial orders for expensive pai)er boxes liy show- 
ing your pers])ectives original designs for the box to])s. ex])laining 
to the prospects that vou are in a ])osition to ha\'e the designs en- 
graved and die-stamix'd on special order. As a ])rogressi\'e paper 

117 



Sales Suyycstions for Paper Box Alaiiiifactiiti'is 

box manufacturer y(Hi should be capable of ex])laining to customers 
and prospectives the advantages of die-stami)cd box tops over printed 
or lithographed box tops, and in this connection you can often work 
up a profitable business. 

Several of the leading manufacturers of line paper boxes have 
their own com])lete engraving and die-stamping departments for the 
production of die-stamped l)Ox tops, but the great majority of paper 
l)ox makers who are doing work of this same character are having 




niustration (1) Steel iJieStamped liox Wrapper 

the die-stam]X'd wra]ii)ers ])roduccd by trade engraxing concerns. 
Personally, we are of the oj)inion that it would be unwise for the 
average paper box manufacturer to install his own engraving and 
stamping plant, but doubtless there are at least a few box makers 
who could install such a i)lant to great advantage. 

In all of the larger cities of the United vStates as well as in many 
of the larger towns, are located trade engravers who will gladly han- 
dle all kinds of engraved work for the ])ai)er box manufacturing 
trade. These concerns will not only make engraved copper and steel 
plates, and steel dies, for the trade, but they will also attend to all 
the presswork that is to be done from tlie ])lates or dies. Here is a 

118 



Engraviny Processes Box Maniifucturer SJioiild Know 

unique service available tor any box manufacturer who niav care to 
take advantage of it. 

The main reason why it would not pay the average paper box 
manufacturer to install a complete engraving and die-stamping de- 
partment is because highly skilled craftsmen would be essential for 
the successful operation of such a ])lant. A steel and copper plate 
engraver is a high-priced man, and it would require a large amount 
of work to keep him steadily em])loyed. An efficient plate printer 



*^Z^<SH-tcTM Huts 

\l(i^l-~. IN MILK CHOCOLATE , 



ALMONDS BBA2ILS 

riLBFSTS WALMUTS 
PECAMS 



Illustration (2) Stoel Dio-Stamped I?ox Wrapper 

and die-stamper is also a highl}-])aid man, and as a rule, he attends 
only to the make-ready work on the presses, the feeding of the sheets 
being done by girls or boys. And, vet, as we have said, there are 
probably cases where it would ])ay box makers to have their own 
engraving and die-stam])ing de])artmenls. but it is a (|uestion which 
calls for the deepest consideration. 

STKKL niK sr.\MiM.\(; — w ii.\r n is 

This ex])]anatiou is olTered to those who may not be familiar with 
the technical work of steel die-stamping, and strange as it may .seem, 
there are many in both the paper box and typograj^hic printing trades 
who do not knt)w the difference between an engraved steel plafc and 
an engraved steel die. The following information should therefore 
prove heli)ful to the reader who is not well informed on this subject. 

I. An engraved coj^per ])late is comparatively cheap, and is used 
only for short runs of plate-j)rinted matter such as wedding invita- 
tions, visiting cards, etc. 

119 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

2. An engraved steel i)late is hardened after having- heen en- 
graved, and is used for long runs of plate-printed product such as 
letter-heads, husiness cards, announcements, honds, certificates, etc. 
Paper money is printed from engraved steel plates of this character. 

3. An engraved steel die dififers from an engraved steel plate in 
I)eing thicker and in having deeper detail. For example, lettering in 
a steel die is cut so deeply as to form a "female die" for the counter- 




Illustration {?,) Steel Die St;iiiii)e(l Hox Wrajiijer 

die wIkmi tlie sheets are i)rinted, or stamped. The female die and 
counter-die in striking togetlier cause tlie engraved design to he 
{^ruitcd a)id CDtbosscd s-iiiiulfaiicoitslx on each sheet of stock. 

The average thickness of engraved steel ])lates is ahout 's of an 
inch. The average thickness of engraved steel dies is ahout ^ of 
an inch. 

Steel dies are used for letter-heads, monogram stationerv, ])a])er 
hox \vra|)])ers. menu cards, greeting cards, husiness cards, announce- 
ments, and other fine ])a])er sjiecialties where shar|)ly-eml)ossed let- 
tering or designs are desirahle. 

In the case of a design that is to he stamped in two or more colors, 
a se])arate die is usually necessary for each color. Tlfings like jiaper 
hox tops and greeting cards are frecpiently stamped in two or three 
colors. In numerous instances, however, where the design calls for 
c(;nsi(leral)le "flat" coloring, such as a tinted hackground, skv, etc.. 
the tints are first jM-inted from pJToto-engraxings on a platen printing 

120 



Enijravnicj Pruccsscs Box Manufacture} Sliould Ktwzv 

press, and afterwards the main design is stamped over the tints from 
the steel die. 

Practically all long rims of steel die stamping are now heing han- 
dled on power plate printing and die-stamping presses, of which 
there are several good models on the market. The "Modern" press 
is made by the Modern Die and Plate Press Manufacturing Company, 
of Belleville. 111., and the "Carver" is made by the Carver Comj^any. 
of Philadeli)hia. Both of these presses are made in several different 
sizes, and the largest will take a steel die or steel ])late as large as 




Ghdcolates 



C+i.^RD'^CHHWIXO 
CFNTERS 

ASST NOUOATINES 
ASST. CARAMELS 
AE9T CRISP3 

ANO OUTTEHSCOTCM 

«! weiSHT ONE fou«n 

Illustration (4) Steel Die Slaiiiped liox Wiapiici' 

7x10 inches. The Modern, or Carver press automatically inks the 
die. or plate, and then wi]:)es the surface of the (\\v. or i>late. before 
each impression is taken. A ])ower ])ress ot lliis type will average 
from 1. 000 to 1.500 im])ressions per hoiu" on tlie regular run of work. 
Two ()])erators are usually retjuired for a ])ress. one doing the teed- 
ing. and the other laying tlie printed sheets on trays as the sheets are 
taken from the machine. 



I:\(;K.\\ IN(J A STKKL niF, OR STF-RI, PLATI- 

The process of engraving a steel die or a steel plate is practically 
the same with the exception that tlu' detail for the steel die is cut 
deeper. The steel "blanks" for ])lates or dies are furnished in any 
size and thickness wanted b\- tlu- engravers' sujjply concerns. 

Before being engraved the block of steel is "soft" enough to ])er- 
mit of easy cutting. The piece of steel is hardened after having 

121 



Sales Siiyycstiotis for Paper Box Mani(factiircrs 

been engraved, and the process of hardening will be described later 
on in this chapter. 

First, the original design that is to be engraved is painted or 
drawn upon a sheet of smooth white cardboard, the design to be of 
exactly the size desired for the completed subject. If several colors 
are wanted, it is necessary to have the colors painted on the original 
exactly as they are to appear in the die-stamping. A separate die will 
be essential for eacli color. 






TA»Tr CnCAM CLWTCR 



Illust lalion ( T. i Slol I lie Si ani|jcil Mox Wrapper 

vSec(»nd. we will su])])()se that an original (k'sign in two colors has 
been completed. Over the original is laid a sheet of gelatin held 
firmly to the original at the corners with pins. The engraver now 
takes a tool called a burin, and with the point of this tool scratches 
a rough but distinct outline of the original design in the surface of 
the gelatin. Keep in mind tlie fact that two ( 2 ) dies are to be made 
of this design, which means in this case that the engraver first 
scratches on the gelatin only the detail of the design which will appear 
in the first engraving, and afterwards he will take a second sheet of 
gelatin for the detail that is to appear in the second engraving. 
• Third, with the proper detail that is to appear in the first engrav- 
ing scratched on the sheet of gelatin, the engraver removes the sheet 
of gelatin, and he then rubs ])owdered vermilion in all the crevices 
which have been cut in the surface of the gelatin by the burin. 

Fourth, the engraver covers the surface of the steel block that is 
to be engraved with a thin coating of engravers' wax. 

122 



Engraving Processes Box Mcuiiifactiirer Should Knozv 

Fifth, the engraver then turns the sheet of gelatin upside down 
and presses the scratched surface of the gelatin against the waxed 
surface of the steel hlock. With a tool like the wooden handle of a 
hodkin the engraver ruhs the back of the sheet of gelatin firmly but 
carefully, this action causing the vermilion which was placed in the 
crevices of the gelatin sheet to transfer to the waxed surface of the 
steel die. The engraver now has a plain outline of the design to be 
eno-raved on the surface of the steel die. and with a set of engravers' 




NUTSf, 




FRUITS 



SPECIALTIES 

NO CREAM ^ 



niustnition (6) Steel Die Slaiiipt'cl liox Wrapiier 

tools he proceeds with the work of engraving, cutting the detail as 
deeply as his judgment directs. 

Sixth, after the first die has been engraved in the manner de- 
scribed, the tracing for the second color is made on another sheet of 
gelatin; vermilion is rubbed over the crevices; the design is trans- 
ferred to the second waxed ])late. and the engraving is done after 
the manner of the first plate. 

'i'hese two engraved steel dies will be in ])erfect register, or rather 
the completed two-color design will be in close register when printed, 
for the simple reason that the two gelatin transfer sheets have made 
accurate register possible. 

HARDENING A STKKI, DIi: OR STKKL PLArK 

There are several efficient hardening furnaces on the market, and 

all of them work u])on the same principle. The steel die, or plate, is 

thoroughly cleaned after having been engraved. The die is then 

wired, leaving a loop at one end so that the die may be handled with 

123 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Alanitfaetiirers 

a rod while hot. Cyanide is placed in the oven of the furnace, the 
heating heing done with either gas or electricity. The die is im- 
mersed in the cyanide and remains in the l)ath for about twenty-five 
minutes, or until it is brought to a cherry-red heat. The die is then 
removed and is first dip])ed in sperm oil and afterwards is dipped in 
cold water. Finally the die is cleaned, oiled and polished on the sur- 
face, and is then ready for the press. 

KNGRA\'IN(; BY MEANS OF AC IP 

Ivngraving a steel die or jilate with the aid of an acid solution is 
done as follows : 








Milk Chocolate 
Selections 



Illustration (7) Steel Die Stamped Hox Wrai)i)er 

First, the surface of the die is cleaned with a solution of carbonate 
of ])otash, and the siu'face of the ]:)late is tlien l)urnishe(l with the aid 
of any kind of a steel tool suital)le for the purpose. 

Second, the surface of the ])late is coated with an acid-resisting 
ground. A good "resist" ground is made from this formula: 

Melt 2 oinice^ of wliile wax in a can. Add and stir i ounce of 
powdered gum mastic. Add and stir i oiuice of ])()wdered l)itumen. 
When the mass is nearly cold. sha])e it into a l)al] with wet hands, 
and then tie the ball in a silken bag. 

Third, heat the ])late over a gas flame mitil it is uncomfortable to 
the touch, then ml) the silk ])ag containing the resist over the surface 
of the warm plate until plate has taken an even coating of the ground. 

Fourth, transfer the original design to the waxed surface of the 
plate by means of a sheet of gelatin, scratched and ]:)owdered with 
vermilion, like the same process of transferring that has been de- 
scribed for hand engraving. 



124 



Engraving Processes Box Manufacturer Should Knozv 

Fourth, with a graver, or hurin, scratch the detail of the design, 
which has lieen marked hy the verniihon, on the surface of the plate 
so that all (jf the tracing extends through the resisting ground, show- 
ing the polished surface of the plate wherever the tracing occurs. 

Fifth, a wall is formed around the margins of the design to he 
acid-engraved, the wall composed of red sealing wax dissolved in 
pure alcohol. This wall may he applied with a hrush, and the wall 
should l)e ahout 1-16 of an inch hitrh. 




,E3Tjr ^'^ NUT 

^TrH-AK' I ) end ( ]]r.\\'Y 




Illustration IS) Steel Die-Stainix'd Hnx WiapixT 

Sixth, the acid solution is now to he ])oured on the surface of the 
])late, the solution heing held in position hy the walls. There are a 
niunher of good acid solutions in use hv various engrax'ers. hut one of 
ihe most popular formulas for deep etching is made as follows: 

1 l\(lrochloric acid 100 grammes 

Chlorate ot ])i)tash 20 grammes 

Pure water 880 grammes 

Heat the water: add the chlorate of ])otash and stir until it is 
tlioroughly dissolved, then add the h\<lrochloric.acid. 

At the end of ahout (1 fteen minutes the etching solution is ])oure(l 
off the plate into a receptacle for the pur|)ose of ascertaining the 
depth of the acid "hites." Small, fme lettering and detail is not to he 
as deeply etched as large-size lettering and detail. If the small char- 
acters are found to ])e deej) enough, thev are "stopped out" hy ])aint- 
ing over them with a camel's hair I)rush and the mixture of sealing- 
wax and alcohol. The acid solution is then again poiu"ed over the 
])late and is allowed to work until .all of the main detail of the design 

125 



Sales Siiycji'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

has been etched as deeply as desired. The acid is then removed and 
the surface of the plate is cleaned with turpentine and a brush. 

The engraver now has an opportunity to introduce his individ- 
uality. Working under a magnifying glass, he minutely finishes the 
etched detail with a burin. The sides and bottoms of the larger char- 
acters receive particular attention. The completed die, or ])late. is 
hardened, cleaned and polished and is then ready for the press. 




Illustration (9) Steel Die-Stamped Box Wrai>iier 

Some engravers use the mixture of sealing wax and alcohol as a 
resisting ground, j^ainting on the surface of the steel plate, around the 
edges of characters that are to be etched, with the mixture and a 
camel's hair brush. 

Till-: en(;ramng machine 

Many dififerent kinds of engraving, on copper plates, steel plates 
and steel dies, are now being done on engraving machines. One of 
the most successful devices of this class is called the ]\Iodel C En- 
graving Machine, made by the Engravers' and Printers' ^lachinery 
Co.. of Sag Harbor, X. \'. This machine works on the same prin- 
ciple as the pantograph. One point of the machine follows the lines 
of a master plate while the other point, which is equipped with a 
diamond, traces the lines to be etched on the surface of the steel plate. 

This machine is supplied with a wide varietv of master ])lates. each 
master plate containing the complete alphabet of a certain style of 
lettering, such as script. Engravers' Roman. Astor Text. Black Old 
English, Shaded ( )ld English. Gothic, Outline Gothic, etc. The 
machine can l)e adjusted to reproduce lettering from the master plates 
either smaller or larger than the lettering in the master plates. 

126 



Engrav'uiy Processes Box NlaniifactHrer Should Kno%v 

When engraving by machine, the surface of the plate to be en- 
graved is first coated with an acid-resisting ground, and then the 
letters are cut tlirough this ground l)y the diamond point of the 
machine. An etching solution is then a])])lied to the surface t)f the 
engraved plate, the solution "biting" out the exposed parts of the 
metal to the depth desired. After the etching process the engraver 
finishes the intaglio work with a Ijurin. 

All kinds of ruled engraving can be done by this same process, 
such as cloud effects, gray shadows, ornamental borders, screen back- 
grounds, stippled l)ackgrounds, etc. Etching is done after the ruled 
work has been scratched u])on the resist ground on the plate. 




niustration (10) Strel Die-Stamped Box Wrapper 




Illustration (11) Steel Die-Stamped Box Wrapper 
127 



Sales Suc/yt'stions for PaptT Box Manufacturers 

MAKING A COUNTER-DIE FOR STEEL DIE STAMPING 

The make-ready work on either a hand stampin<; press or a power 
die and plate press is practically the same. The make-ready for a 
steel die-stamping^ job consists of a connter-die. or a "male" die. 
This counter-die is for the double j)urpose of havinq- the engraved 
design print and emboss sharply on the paper stock. 

The four edges of the surface of the steel die should be rounded 
so that these edges will give no impression during eacli printing 
operation. 

A first-class counter-die for steel die-stamping is made as follows : 

First, the foundation is made of a ])iece of medium weight tar 
board. This jiiece ot tar board should he a])out the same size as that 







_ ^ :'-- ^. 

^%i|^ c»„;;rrrc:.T.o vl:%^ 



llliislratioii (I-) Sti'fl Die Staiii|M(l Hox Wiai>|jei' 

of the full face of the steel die. and it is glued to the counter-block 
on the press with Le Page glue. 

Second, over the top of the j)iece of tar board is glued a j^iece of 
medium weight bristol. or "wedding" stock, having a soft kid finish. 

Third, the counter is now struck a dozen or more times with the 
steel die. this action bringing out the engraved design on the counter 
in relief. 

h'ourth, weak, or low places that may show in the raised detail on 
the counter are "spotted u])" with small bits of thin gummed paper. 

Fifth, the counter is again struck about a dozen times with the 
steel die for the purpose of bringing up the relief work more sharply. 

Sixth, the steel die is inked and wiped, and an impression of it is 
taken on a sheet o\ wedding stock. 

vSeventh, with knife or scissors all blank edges around the printed 
subject on the sheet are cut away, and the remaining section of the 



128 



Enyrciviny Processes Box Aldniifactiircy Should Knoiv 

printed subject is glued in true position over the raised detail on the 
counter. 

In the case of extra-deep steel dies, several cutout make-ready 
sheets, like that just described, will be essential for l)uilding' up a 
high counter-die. 

Eighth, after the cut-out sheet (or several cut-out sheets) has been 
pasted on the counter, additional impressions are taken of the steel 




The Model C Engr;! viiii^ i 

die. i*'inall}-. aflcr the raised deiail ap])ears to be sufticienlly ^harp 
and lirm. the pressman takes a shar]) make-readv knife and carefully 
cuts away all blank parts of the counter-die, working as close to the 
edges of the relief work as possible. 'JMie cutting at the edges of the 
raised detail is done on a bevel, extending all the way to the tar- 
board base. The make-ready is completed by covering the top of the 
counter-die with a piece of rubber sheeting, leather, or thin kid-skin. 



129 



-•^>C CHAPTER XII ><• 



THE MAKING OF 
SOLID FIBRE CONTAINERS 



"•(»i?t!iJ)»' 




OTHIXCi is more romantic lliaii llie story alxnil llu' solid 
ihre shi])])in!L;' container and its remarkable growth. The 
solid tihre shipi)ini;- container is a conijiaratively new 
thini;-. ( )ver nij^lit it leaped into ])o])nlarity, and no won- 
der, lor Keen business men and mannfactnrers were not slow in 
recoi;nizinj4- its many excellent (jnalities. The old-fashioned wooden 
shi])pin|^- boxes sim])ly had to i(o. in the same way that the horse and 
drav had to move aside for the powerful motor truck. 

vSjK'akins^- about motor trucks, one was recently seen ])iled hi,<;h 
with thousands of flat solid libre ship])ing- containers. It was a rush 
order which had to be carried a distance of nearly lOO miles in a 
short s])ace of time. The motor truck was used simply because the 
railroads were too slow. Xow had the order been for wooden boxes, 
it would have recjuired a whole fleet of motor trucks to carry it to 
its destination. With /'/(// solid fibre cases, however, it was ])os- 
sible to handle the (.'ntire order with a single motor truck. 

This is only one of the numerous advantages posses>e(l by the 
solid fibre ship])in_t^ container over the old-style wooden box. -V 
manufacturer mav order loo.ooo large-size solid fibre shi])ping con- 
tainers, which are delivered flat, and which can be stacked u]) in the 
basement in that condition until goods are packed for shi|)ment. 
Think of the amount of s])ace that would be required by the same 
number of wooden boxes! Floor space is worth so much ])er s(juare 
foot. A large mamifactnrer can save large sums of money on floor 
space alone by using flat solid fibre boxes instead of wooden boxes. 

One of the largest canning concerns in the world is now using 
solid fibre shipping containers for canned goods in place of wooden 
boxes which it had been using for the same pur])ose for many years 
past, livery time this firm sends out a carload of the canned goods, 
packed in the paper-board boxes, it .saves something like $50 in 
freight rates over the same amount of goods packed in wooden 
boxes. Moreover, on account of the solid fibre containers being- 
ISO 



The Makiny of Solid Fibre Containers 

sealed tight with gummed tai)e. the common practice of pilfering 
during transit of goods has heen practically eliminated. 

Many of the larger manufacturers of candy are now using solid 
fibre shipping cases for transporting fine package goods. Corrugated 
shipping containers are used for the same purpose, of course. The 
paper-hoard cases not only help to hold down freight rates, hut they 
serve to protect the corners and edges of fancy set-up boxes used 
for holding candy. It seems strange, but it is a fact, nevertheless, 
that a set of fancy candy boxes can ])e injured more readily in a 
wooden box than in a paper-board shi])ping container. The latter 
will stand exceedinglv rough treatment during transit without caus- 
ing damage to the goods inside of it. 

The uses for solid fibre shi])ping containers are multii)lying every 
hour. Heavy copper wire and loom are now being packed in fibre 
containers. I'rinted matter, books, magazines, catalogues, etc.. are 
now being packed in solid fibre containers. Sugar. cotTee. breakfast 
foods, salt, tobacco, cigarettes, and hundreds of similar things are 
first packed in pa])er cartons, and the cartons are then ])lace(l in libre 
ship])ing containers. vSome of the orders for solid fibre shipping 
cases, used for holding packages of starch, sugar, dried fruits. soa])s, 
powders, etc.. run into hundreds of thousands, and the demand tor 
such cases is constantly increasing on every side. 

Fresh fruits, such as a])])les. oranges. i)eaches. lemons and grape- 
fruit, are now being ])acked in fibre containers, instead ol wooden 
l)oxes. resulting in great savings in materials and freight rates, and 
j)reventing many acres of forests from being dotroyed. A new-style 
collapsible basket, made of solid fibre, was recently invented, and 
there is no limit to the ])ossil)ilities of this basket as a chea]) but 
stibstantial carrier for farm ])ro<lucts. Xevv fields for fil)re con- 
tainers, are oi)einng in every direction, and the time will soon come 
when wooden shi])ping boxes will be things of the ]X'ist. 

HOW C'OXIAIXI.R HOARD IS MADl. 

Containt'r board, as it is called in the trade, is a conil)ination ot 
jute and chip papers pasted together with sodium silicate. The Im- 
ished ])oard usually comes in 3. 4 and 5 ])ly. although it is also made 
in various other thicknesses ranging from Oo to 120 ])oints. 

The machine used for making the container board is a mammoth 
rotarv device, resembling a pa]UM--making machine in appearance. 
The rolls of jute and chi]) are ])laced on one v\u\ of the machine in 
such positions that as the dilk'rent bands of paper travel through the 
machine, the jute paper runs at the top and at the l)ottom, whili' the 
two or more lavers of chii) are sandwiched between the jute pajx'r. 

131 



Sales Siicjycst'wns for Paper Box Manufacturers 

As the different ])ands of paper travel onward throngh the ma- 
chine, they come in contact with steel rollers covered with a warm 
solution of sodium silicate. The flow of the sodium silicate from 
the fountains can he regulated so that the right amount desired will 
be carried by the steel rollers. The sodium silicate is applied to only 
one side of each continuous sheet of paper. The paper then passes 
on through a series of steel rollers which hrmly press the various 
sheets together, thus forming the container board. The damp board 
finally passes through a series of steel ironing rollers which compress 
the board to the thickness desired and which iron the two jute sur- 
faces of the l)oard ])erfectly smootl: and flat. 




Fibi'i' CoiitaiiKT Makiiis .Mailiiiit- — \'it\v One 

The tinished container hoard then continues traveling — in flat con- 
dition — until it reaches the end of the machine where the cutting 
knives are located. The cutting knives may he moved and adjusted 
to cut the wide, continuous strip of container hoard into a number 
of difl'erent sizes as it comes from the machine. Tlie knives iirst cut 
the sheets to length, and then cut each length into a numl)er of dif- 
ferent sizes suitable for standard sizes of shi])])ing containers. 

This is the kin<l of container board that is used for making tiie 
major ])ortion of solid fibre ship])ing containers. Other kinds of 
container board, however, are manufactured for special purposes, 
and the ]:)rocess of manufacture is the same as that just described. 

HOW SOLID FIBKI-: SniPPIN(; BARRi:i.S ARE MADE 

Is the familiar apple l)arrel. made of wooden staves, to be re- 
placed by a barrel made of ])aper board? Who knows but that such 
will be the case in the near future, for they are now making medium- 
size barrels of solid fibre which are jiroving very successful. These 
paper-l)oard barrels are e(|uipped with wooden hoops, and are fitted 

132 



The Makincj of Solid Fibre Containers 

with flat ends, or heads, made of heavy-weiglit coiitainer-Ijoard. The 
paper harrels are heing used for all varieties of dry chemicals, and 
there is no reason why they cannot he used as shipping- containers 
for many other materials. 

The fihre barrels are made as follows : Spiral tubes are hrst made 
on a giant tube-rolling machine, the tubes being formed of continu- 
ous strips of jute and chip stock, pasted together with sodium sili- 
cate. The sodium silicate is fed to the various tanks through which 
the paper passes from a big tank overhead. The entire operation is 
nearly automatic, the various strips of paper taking the sodium sili- 
cate on one side, and then \vrap])ing around the great steel mandrel. 




inn^ 



^jv"r.i_ 



r { 




Fibre Container Making Machine — View Two 

which looks for all the world like a big gun on a battleship. The 
tubes are spiral-wound, to as many plies as desired, the jute paper 
l)eing on the outside of the finished tube. I^acb tube is made about 
12 feet long, or even longer. The largest-size mandrel \vind> a tube 
30 inches in diameter, but it is possible, of course, to use mandrels 
of larger diameter. 

As the completed tubes come from the s])iral tube-winding ma- 
chine, they are carried away to another dei)artment where they are 
stood up on their en(l> to dry. 'i'he tubes are then ])ut through a 
tube-cutting machine, a lathe-like device equipped with a circular 
saw which saws the long tubes into lengths suitable for the ])arrels. 

The inside of each barrel is fitted with a ])a])er tube of slightly 
smaller diameter than that of the barrel itself, and this second, or 
"inner-tube" is cut about two inches shorter tlian the length of the 
barrel. The inner-lube is for the jnu'pose of su])])orting the roimd 
heads at the top and l)ottom of the barrel, and it also serves to make 
the body of the barrel stronger. The l)arrel can be made l)otli air- 
and water-tight b\- sealing the edges of the heads with paraffin. 



133 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Maniifaetitrers 



The heads of the l)arrel are made of sohd tihre board, 5-ply, and 
tlie round disks are cut out. one at a time, on a (he-press of power- 
ful construction. \'arious sizes of steel cutting, dies can he used on 
this press. Eacli, head for a barrel is provided with a strong brass 
ring, placed out of center, this ring making it an easy matter to pull 
the head from the ])arrel when necessary. 

In some instances, paper barrels of the kind described are not 
i)eing fitted with wooden hoops, and some of the barrels are not 
fitted with inner lu1)es. It is ol)vious, ]u)\ve\er. tliat a })aper barrel 
having an inner-tube and a numl)er of wooden hoo])s on the outside 




Container Making and Two-Color Printing Machine. A machine that cuts, slots and 

creases the container blanlv and then i)rints it in two colors. 

Picture by courtesy of George W. Swift Jr.. Inc.. Hordcntown. .\. J. 

is far more durable than an ordinary paper barrel not ])ossessing such 
advantages. A machine of special construction is used for making 
the wooden lioo])s, and the hoops are attached to the sides of the 
barrels by means of wire stitches. A special wire-slitcliing machine 
is essential for such work. 

It occurred to tlie writer, as he was watching the operation of 
putting the wooden hoo])s on pa])er barrels, that dura1)le hoo])s could 
be made of solid filjre instead of wood. Tbi^ is merelv a sugges- 
tion, and it may be tliat fibre hoops are alreadv bi'ing used for this 
purpose. 

PRINTINC; BL.'\NKS FOR SOLID FIBRE (X)NTAINFRS 

The blanks for solid fibre shipping containers are usually printed 
on special rotary ])rinting i)resses. designed cx])resslv for the pur- 

134 



The Making of Solid Fibre Containers 

pose. The larger-size j^rintiiig presses of this type will take a hoard 
as wide as 64 inches, which means that as many as four l)lanks for 
large-size containers can be printed simultaneously, the sheet being- 
cut apart after the printed matter has been ajiplied. Some of the 
rotary printing presses are equipped with cutting attachments for 
cutting a large-size board into two or more separate pieces after 
the board has been printed. 

The printing is done from curved electroty])es which are attached 
to the printing cylinder by means of adjustable screws, or register 
hooks. Some of the special rotary ])resses have two ])rinting cvlin- 
ders. and are designed for printing two colors in close register on 
container board. As container-board is made in various tliicknesses, 
ranging from 60 to 120 ]);)ints, it is necessary to adjust the cylinders 
of the press to pro\i(k' for each different thickness of stock. 

For printing in red ink, or other colors of printing ink. nickeltvi)es 
will be found more serviceable than ordinary electrotypes, for the 
reason that nickelt}])e will not be affected by the chemical action of 
colored printing ink. .\ nickeltype is consi(U'ra])lv harder than an 
electrotype, and consecjuently, will last longer than an electrotype 
on heavy runs of work. When either electrotypes or nickeltypes are 
to be used for ])rinting on container-I)oru"(l. the electrotvper should 
be instructed to make extra-thick shells for the ])lates, as the ordinary 
shell would soon break down on such heavy work as printing on 
container-board. 

Standard cylinder printing jiresses of all the well-known makes 
are also used for printing on light-weight t'lbre-board, but ])resses 
of this t\pe cannot be used for printing on extra-heavy container- 
board. 

As the printed blanks come from the rotar\- printing ])ress they 
are stacked up, almost in a vertical j^osition, on trucks to dry. The 
vertical ]M)sition of the freshly-printed sheets prevents offset of the 
ink on the backs of the siieets. 

Alter the ])rinting has dried, the sheets are fed through a fibre 
container-making machine — a combination slotting and creasing 
machine — which delivers the containers ready "for the wire stitcln'ng 
machine. 

rilK SW'IFl" riHKE CUNrAINi:K-M.\RINC; AND PRINTING 

MACIIINK 

Several well-known manufacturing concerns are specializing in 
the production of all kinds of niachinerv usecl for the manufacture 
of solid fibre containers, and one of these concerns is the C.eorge 
W. Swift, jr., firm, of fJordentown. N. J. This coni])any has per- 

135 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Mauiifaetiirers 

fected a new-style fil)re container-making and printing" machine which 
is a remarkable device in numerous ways. 

This machine is a rotary, designed to take a sheet of hhre hoard, 
trim the ends of the board, slot it. crease ])oth ways, and cut out 
the board for a staple flap. When this machine is equipped with the 
printing press attachment, it will print the blank in two colors and 
deliver it cut. creased and slotted readv to be completed on the wire 
stitcher. When tliis machine is not equipped with the special print- 
ing press attachment, it can ])e e(iuip])ed with a small printing de- 
vice, to be used for printing the classihcation stamp on the container- 
blanks as they travel through the machine. 




Postum Cereal. View of .solid fibre boxes in grocer.s' warehouse, Chicago. Note the 

interlocking stack of various sizes jiiled to the roof. Step piling or levelling is 

a convenient method of facilitating the "breaking down" of the 

stack as needed. 

The.se machines are built in .several different sizes, with cvlinders 
of 12. 16, or 20 inches, and in widths of 84. lOO. 112. or 120 inches. 
The larger-size machines can be furnished with double equipment 
for making two complete containers from one sheet simultaneou^lv. 
Any ot these machines will handle board ranging from 60 to 120 
j)oints. 

REdlL.AK C'()X1AI.\KK-M.AK1.\(; M.ACIIINKS 

There are a number of different makes of container machines on 
the market, operating on the rotary ])rincii)le. and designed to make 
complete solid fibre .^hip])ing containers ready to be wire stitched. 
The.se machines are not usually equipped with printing attachments. 

136 



The Making of Solid Fibre Containers 

the blanks being printed in the regular way before being sent 
through the container-making machines. 

The standard container-making machines are })r()vi(le(l with 
punches and dies which can be adjusted to make various sizes of 
containers, 'i'he cutting, slotting and creasing are all done with one 
operation as the printed blanks travel through the rollers containing 
the punches and dies. It requires a trained machinist-o])erator to 
change the |)unches and dies on the machine, and at all times the 
work of feeding the machine must be under the watchful care of a 
man who thoroughly understands every part of the machine. 

in the larger ])ox-making plants the container-making machine is 
operated in connection with a wire stitching machine, an automatic 
conveyor carrying the boxes to the jaws of the stitching machine 
as they come from the (Uher machine. In one large i)lant the con- 
veyor system not only carries the boxes to the stitching machines, 
but it also carries them to the shipping department after thev are 
wire stitched. It should be understood that convevor svstems of 
this character need constant watching, as the boxes do not alwavs 
travel along the tai)es in exactly the right positions, but it is a fact, 
nevertheless, that conveyors of the kind referred to are saving time, 
labor and money in many plants. The principal advantage of a con- 
veyor system in a paper box factory is in it making continuous ])ro- 
duction pc>ssil)le. 

It would be impossible to gi\e descri])tions of all the man\- ditter- 
ent kinds of solid hbre ship])ing containers which are now being- 
manufactured. The great majority of the shijiping cases are oblong 
and have eight flaps, four at the to]) and four at the bottom. A case 
of this style is held togethrr with half-a-dozen wire stitches, or 
staples, at one corner, the blank ])eing cut out to a shape allowing 
for a flap where the wire stitches are inserted. 

The telescopic style of container is in two parts, the box and the 
overlapping lid. The box and lid are cut out to a shape which 
makes it possible to fold over the edges of the bl.ank. on all four 
sides, and then have the folded-over sections "held down with wire 
stitches. Telescope containers of this kind are now being used to a 
great extent by de])artmcnt stores. 

Other styles ot solid hl)re shi])ping containers include the s((uare 
shape, and the flat, oblong shape, both of which have eight flaps, fom* 
at the top and four at the bottom. The ship])ing containers are made 
in many difi'erent sizes, and are built to conform with all the require- 
ments of the ex]:)ress concerns, freight handlers, steamshij) com- 
panies, etc. On each container is ])rinted the classitication stamp. 

137 



Sales Suggestions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

and the old, familiar warning. "Use No Hooks." The regular ad- 
vertising matter is printed on the sides of the hoxes. 

WIRE STITCHING SOLID FIBRE (CONTAINERS 

In certain instances the l)()ttom flaps of a solid fihre shipping con- 
tainer are stapled together on a wire stitching machine. Heavy hrass 
or copper wire is used for sta])les which are made automatically as 
the hoxes pass through the jaws of the wire stitcher. The stitches 
are made in ra])id succession. There is one s])ecial stitching machine 
which will a|)])ly as many as i() heavy wire sla])les at a single opera- 
tion. 

1'here are on the market a numher of wire stitching machines, 
huilt ])articularly for the use of paper hox manufacturers. Work 
like solid Whva containers re(|uires a wire stitcher of i)Owerful con- 
struction, one designed exclusively for such work. 

NEW USES FOR SOI. ID FIBRE COXIAINEK BOARD 

It is an interesting fact that solid lihre container hoard may he 
utilized for manv other ])urposes in addition to heing used for the 
construction of shi])ping cases. Among other things are game hoards 
of various kinds — game boards like those used for clicckers, cards, 
etc.. made usually of t20 point container hoard of tlie kind that is 
covered on both sides with jute paper. i<a])-l)oards for dressmakers 
are easily made from this material. 

The writer visited a large factory where all kinds of solid fibre 
shi])i)ing cases are being manufactured, 'i'lie c(juipment of llie plant 
included a nmuber of two-color printing presses, built particularly 
for the ])urpose of ])rinting on solid fibre container board. One of 
these i)resses was being used for ])rinting game l)oards in two dif- 
ferent colors. The boards were to be used in connection with a 
new game which had just been placed on the market, and which was 
proving a great success. Thousands of the boards were being 
printed, and the finished ])roduct was both sul)stantial and attractive. 

Manufacturers of ])aper boxes who are specializing in tlu' ])ro- 
duction of solid fibre shipping cases, should be interested in this new 
field for the consumj)tion of solid fibre container board, for there is no 
reason whv any box manufacturer of this class cannot make things 
like the game boards referred to. The idea would be. of course, to 
])roduce such work for concerns that are su])])lying the toy trade 
with games, ])aper toys, etc. There are many different kinds of 
game l)oards in addition to the well-known checker boards, and 
there is always an opportunity for introducing entirely new games. 

138 



The Making of Solid Fibre Containers 

There are two distinct methods of making- game hoards from 
l)lank sheets of sohd fihre container Ijoard : One method is printing 
the colored designs directly on the surface of the hoard, and the 
other method is in first printing the designs on paper, and then 
pasting the i)rinted sheets to the hlank surface of the hoard. In 
either case, the printing is done from electrotypes. Curved electro- 
types are essential when the printing is to be done directly on the 
board on a rotary ])rinting ])ress. When the printing is to be done 
on separate sheets of ])aper. on a flat-bed cylinder ])ress, regular, flat 
electrotypes are used. 

In numerous instances the solid flbre container board may be 
utilized for advertising signs of many different sizes and shapes. 
The printed matter is applied directly to the surface of the board, 
and as many as half-a-dozen or more good-size signs may be printed 
at one time on a rotary or cylinder ]:)ress. In the case of an odd- 
shaped sign, the boards are cut out to shape after they have been 
printed. 

We are not spc-aking now of pictorial signs, printed or litho- 
graphed in several colors, but arc referring to the ])lainer variety of 
advertising signs. ])rinted in one or two colors. However, it is pos- 
sible to use the container board for the more elaborate styles of pic- 
torial signs, and the same kind of board may also be used for cer- 
tain varieties of advertising "cut-outs." The possibilities of the solid 
flbre container board in these fields are really unlimited. 

The printing for the kinds of signs referred to may be done on 
the same models of two-color printing presses which are used for 
printing on solid flbre containers. Printing from regular ty])e forms 
may be done on flat-bed cylinder jiresses. 

W'hen solid fibre container board is used for ])rinting o(l(l-slia])ed 
advertising signs, "cut-outs." paper toys, etc., tlu' cutting can be 
done on a large-size cutting and creasing j^'ess. with the aid of cut- 
ting dies made of r)-point steel cutting rule. The cutting is done 
after the boards liaxe been printed. 

FOR N()\i:Lrv H()\i:s 

One manufacturer of paper ])oxes is using solid flbre container 
board for making of numerous novelty boxes, including a case for 
holding pens and ])encils. This case is made of 7 pieces of board 
cut to the following sizes: One piece, size 4>{> x 23/ inches; two 
pieces, size S/'^ '^ ^H inches; and four ])ieces. size i x 3'4 inches. 
When pro])erly glued together these 7 pieces of board form a neat, 
upright case, having a base and three comiiartments. each compart- 

139 



Sales Siiyyi'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

ment having the size of i x i inch square and 3>4 inches deep. This 
case is covered with hinders' cloth of any color desired. It forms a 
useful "top-o'-the-desk" receptacle for holding pens and pencils, 
and it is as strong and durahle as a similar case made of wood. 

Solid fihre container hoard can also he used in the construction of 
other kinds of cases having slotted partitions. A small-size case of 
this type will he extra strong, and can he used as a container for 
many different articles. 

Kxtra-heavy covers for hooks of the invoice variety can he made 
of solid hhre container hoard. In fact, the covers for check hooks. 




Salmon from Alaska. These solid fibre containers were made in ralifornia. .^hipped by 

boat to Alaska, there filled with the canned salmon and returned by boat to 

Seattle, Wash. Fifteen thousand cases were comprised in the shipment. 

dictionaries, scrap-hooks, etc.. may also he made of the container 
board, and the cost of this material is comparatively low. 'I'he in- 
voice hooks, for example, usually have about 230 ])ages of Manila 
jDaper, size 10x15 inches, and the board covers are covered with 
canvas duck. A book of this construction will last for a life-time 
witliout showing much \ear. 

'riie uses for solid hhre container board are constantly multi]:)ly- 
ing. The manufacturers of solid fibre shipping containers, particu- 
larly those who are manufacturing their own container board, should 
study the new fields for this board immediately as thev develcqx as a 
new field may often offer a golden opportunity for profitaI)U' Imsi- 
ness. 

140 




■••^>C CHAPTER XIII >*• 



METHODS OF SILICATING AND 
PARAFFINING PAPER BOARD 

l\( )(iRKvSSl\'l*' fanners and dairymen in many different 
sections of the United States are now following the prac- 
tice of selling eggs and other farm products direct to the 
^ consumer. In numerous cases these farmers and dairy- 
men are conducting an extensive "mail order" business, the goods 
being sent to the buyers via i)arcel post. X'arious kinds of farm 
products. inclu(h'ng ])(iultry. eggs, cheese, and bunched asparagus, 
are sold in large quantities throughout the country in this way, and 
it is a business which is constantly growing. 

The modern farmer, or dairyman, wlio is selling his food stocks 
direct to the consumers has recognized the advantage of having things 
like eggs, cheese and asparagus i)acked in sturdy paper cartons, and 
in some instances farmers are making good use of paper cans for 
mailing bunches of fresh cut asparagus, flowers, bulbs, etc. In not 
a few cases farmers and dairymen are packing butter and lard in 
damp-])roof folding cartons wliich have the farmer's or dairyman's 
name and address neatly ])rinted on the outside. I'requently a trade- 
name of the I)Utter or lard is also printed on the cartons. 

A BUSINESS lUII.DINC IHIA 

Manufacturers of i)araftined cartons, such as are used for butter 
and lard, should readily "see" a good business building idea in the 
two ])aragrai)hs which have just lieen written. Think ot the great 
number of farmers and dairymen who are not, as yet. followmg the 
practice of selling direct to the consumer. Would it not be possible 
for the manufacturers of the cartons to interest many of these farm- 
ers in the i)lan? Would it not be jjowcrful advertising for the manu- 
facturers of butter and lard cartons if they were to send samples of 
the cartons to farmers and dairymen, along with some printed mat- 
ter advocating the idea of selling farm i)roducts direct to the con- 
sumer ? 

It is a fact thai many American farmers and dairymen are m a 

141 



Sales Siiijijcstions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

position to sell their stocks direct to the consumer. l)nt have not vet 
been made to recognize the advantage of the j^lan. It is safe to 
say that some farmers and dairymen have not even thought of the 
idea of mailing farm ])r()ducts to buyers in the cities bv means of 
paper cartons. Here is where the manufacturers of cartons have 
an excellent opportunity to try some good missionary work. The 
results are boinid to be i)rotital)lc for all concerned. 

We understand, of course, that some manufacturers of ])araftined 
cartons are selliui' ihe cartons direct to farmers and dairxnien. but 




Kiiowlton Sheet Coating Machine. For applying silicate oT soda. i)arartin, or other 
liquid coating material, to one or both sides of flat sheets of jiaper board. 

the fact remains that this unicjue form of business could easily be 
develo]:»ed to greater ]>r()porti()ns. At the cost of a little time and 
money the manufacturers could "comert" many a farnu-r and dairy- 
man to the plan of packing various kinds of farm ])roducts in car- 
tons and selling them by parcel post. 

At the ])resent time only a ci)m])aratively few lines of farm prod- 
ucts are packed in paper cartons, but the day is coming when farm- 
ers and dairymen in general will use cartons. ])aper cans and corru- 
gated boxes in large quantities, and for many difi'erent kinds of farm 
products which today are being sent to the markets in baskets. This 
field offers wonderful p()ssil)ilities for the manufacturers of cartons, 
solid fibre containers, paper cans and corrugated shipping containers. 
It is a new, fertile field wherein the soil, as yet, has scarcely been 
touched. 



142 



Methods of SUicatincf and Payajf'nuny Paper Board 

THE MODERN HOUSEWIFE PREFERS FOOD PRODUCTS 
PACKED IN CARTONS 

Today when the average housewife goes to the grocery store or 
the hiitter and tgg store, she prefers to huy things hke eggs. Initter. 
lard, cheese, shced dried l)eef, etc.. packed in cartons, rather than 
buying such goods in loose forni. Many of the large wholesalers 
of food products know this fact and for that reason are now packing 
butter, lard. eggs, cheese, and ()t]:er foods of this varietv in paper 
cartons. In the majority of cases the folding boxes used for butter 
and lard are made from paper board which has been coated on both 
sides with parafhn. These same kinds of folding boxes, or cartt)ns. 
are also used for other food products. The cartons not only enable 
the dealer to kee]) and handle the food under the most sanitary con- 
ditions, but they also help the housewife in keeping the food fresh 
and clean. The cartons insure full weight for the jnu'chaser, and 
during ])usv j^eriods in the store, ihcy are the means of saving time 
for both the dealer and the patron, for the reason that the goods are 
packed and ready to be ])assed right over to the customer. 

For a long time the larger manufacturers of breakfast foods. 
cakes, crackers, and many other food products have been ])acking 
such goods in folding boxes or cartons. In some cases these ])aper 
boxes are lined on the inside with a thin coating of either ])aranin or 
sodium silicate to protect the contents from atmospheric conditions. 
In other cases the boxes are lined on the inside with thin coatings of 
both sodium silicate and paraffni. in still other instances the boxes 
are not lined with any protective coating ol' an\- kind, waxed ])ai)er 
l)eing ])laced loosely on the inside of the boxes instead of a coating 
of anv of the luaterials mentioned. 

In this chapter the writer will attem])t to e\])lain the i)ractical 
work of coating pai^er board that is used for making certain kinds 
of folding boxes and cartons, b'.very effort shall be made to ex])lain 
the newest methods of coating as ap])lied to both rolls and flat sheets 
of stock, and it is ho])ed that the intormation so given will i)rove of 
value to those readers who ma\- not be familiar with this class of 
work. 

SILK AIED PAPER BOARD RE.ADV lOR USE 

Some of the larger ])a]:)er board manufacturers are su])])lying the 
makers of grease-proof or water-resisting cartons with pa])er stock 
already coated for tlu' ])m-pose in (|uestion. This ])repared paper 
board is coated either on one side or both sides with a thin coating of 
sodium silicate. 

-A number of ])aper bo.ard manufacturers also su])])ly slock con- 

143 



Sali's Sucfc/i'stions for Paper Box Manufacturers 

taining a coating of jjaraffin on either one or both sides. This kind 
of paper board is fnrnished only on special order. It is not a diffi- 
cult matter, however, to procure silicated board, as it is known in the 
trade, from many of the larger manufacturers of paper board. 

Some manufacturers of folding boxes and cartons are making a 
specialty of silicated and paraffined folding l)oxes. and these con- 
cerns generally have their own mechanical ec^uipment for coating 
the paper board. Other makers of folding" boxes and cartons, in 
some cases, have special departments devoted to the making of sili- 
cated and paraffined ])aper boxes, and these concerns as a rule also 
have tlieir own ecjuipment f(ir the silicating and i^araffming. 




FiGi. Blank WITH 
Uncoated Strip. 

Fig. 1. Sheet of coated paper board with uncoated strip left in center so as to provide 
for the i)roper gluing of the folding boxes. 

It g(ies without sa\ing that am- box manufacturer who may want 
to s])ecialize in the making of silicated and ])araffined i)aper boxes 
should liave his own plant for doing the coating. .\ i)lant of this 
class is not exceedingly costly, and the o])eration of such a plant is 
very simple. The major portion of the coating work can l)e handled 
easilv l)v bovs or girls, under the supervision of a man or woman 
\\h(> tliorouijhlv understands all technicalities of the business. 



THE KNOWLTON COATINCJ M.AC HINK 

The M. D. Knowlton Com])any. of Rochester. X. Y.. is manufac- 
turing coating machines and all other devices which are necessary 
for the operation of a complete sheet coating plant. The Knowlton 
Sheet Coating Machine is being successfully used in many paper 
box making factories, as well as in numerous paper board mills, for 
coating flat sheets of box board with water-proofing, vermin resist- 
ing and other liquid solutions such as silicate of soda and paraffin. 
Damp-proof board of different kinds, to be used for folding boxes 
or cartons for food products, millinery, etc.. is coated on this machine. 

This machine consists of a pair of smooth steel rollers like those 
on a laundry mangle, between which the stock that is to be coated 

144 



Methods of Silicatiucj and P a r a jj nil ncj Paper Board 

runs. The lower roller dips into a trough which contains the solu- 
ti(tn of silicate of soda or paraffin. The upper roller also is pro- 
\ided with a reservoir from which it receives the coating" material 
when the stock is to l)e coated (ui l)oth sides. Roth reservoirs are 
connected to heating a])p<'n-atus which is to he used when paraffin is 
Ijeing applied. 

THE PRACTICAL WORK OF COATING PAPER BOARD FOR 
USE IN CARTONS 

The coating solution is inn'formly a])i)lie(l to either one or l)oth 
sides of the sheet, as mav he desired, hy a single passage of the sheet 
through the Knowlton machine. The machine is e(iuip])e<l with a 
rclary pump for a douhle coating of paraflin. I'aper of all kinds, 
also straw-hoard, chii)-hnar(I and news-l)oard, lined or unlined. uj) 
to 3 lO of an inch thick, can he efiiciently coated on thi> machine. 
Adjustment for eacli different thickness of ])aper or hoard can he 
made easily witlioul a wrench or other tools. When this adjustment 
is made the u])per coating roll and its re>er\dir are raised as a unit 
so that the setting which controls the lhiikne>s of the a])])lied 
coating is not disturhed. In most cases of sheet coating a thin, even 
coat of solution will serve as well, and sometimes hetter, than a thick 
coat, hut in some instances a thick coat is re(|nired. In any case, the 
machine can readily he adjusted to give any thickness of coating de- 
sired, ranging from an exceedingly thin coat to an extra-heavy coat. 

The machine is regularly fitted for steam heat, hut on order can 
he equij^ped for either gas or electric heating. The machine is fitted 
with a feed tahle and a recei\ing hank, the latter ;idjustahle in or out 
to suit the length of stock. 

On order from the Knowlton Company, this machine may he 
pro\i(led with a special attachment whicli allows an uncoated strip 
to he left in the l)od\- of tlie otlierwise coated sheet. This uncoated 
strij) is for the purpose ot making gluing eas\- when tlie stock is cut 
apart and made up into lolding ])oxes. An inicoaled strip can also 
he left on one edge of the coaled sheet without the use of the special 
attachment referred to. When the entire smM'ace of the sheet is 
coated with jmraffin it is a dilVicnlt i)ro])osilion to a])i)ly glue for 
folding hoxcs afterward, and for that reason it is well to leave the 
uncoated stri]) in the center, or on one end of the large sheet of 
])a])er hoard when the coaling is done. The special attachment is 
adjustahle so that one hlank stri]), or a series of ])arallel uncoated 
strips can he left on the coated sheets in any ])osition desired. When 
a series of ]iarallel uncoated strips are desired, the same numher of 
special attachments are essential. 

145 



Sdh'S Siiqcji'stiojis for Paper Box Mciuiifacturcrs 

THE KNOWLION ROLL COATIN'C; NLACMIINK 

This machine' is altogether different from the Knowlton sheet 
coatiui;" machine inasmuch that it handles large continuous rolls of 
paper board, or ])a]^er. instead of flat sheets. In the case of printing 
on the rolls of stock, on a rotary ]^rinting ]iress, for cartons, the 
printing is done in most cases before the roll of stock is run through 
the roll coating machine. In some cases, however, the ]M-inting is 
done after the roll has been coated. 




Fig. 2. Knowlton Roll Coatins Mncliine. 

The large roll of slock, either ])lank. or printed. i> ])laced on one 
end of the roll coating machine, and in i)assing through the coating 
rollers it r(.'cei\es the coating material on one side or both sides as 
desired. 

PKINTINC; rilL SIILKTS OF PAPKR HoARI) 151. FORI. APPLYING 

THE COATING 

In the making of damp-proof folding boxes or cartons for butter, 
lard, and other food products, the ])rinting on the containers is done 
before the coating material is ap])lie(l. The large-size sheets are 
usually i)rinted on flat-bed cylinder presses in the same way that any 
kind of letter-press ])rinting is done. As many as a dozen complete 
printed forms for containers are printed at one time on the large 
sheets, and after the ])rinted matter is dry. the large sheets are then 
run through the coating machine. After the sheets have been coated 
they are either cut into smaller sections and ])ut through a platen 
cutting and creasing ])ress. or are run full size through a cylinder 
press equipped with a number of cutting and creasing forms. 

Butter and lard containers, of the pound size, often have the 
printed matter done in bright green or red ink. and after the coating 
of paraffln has been applied over the ])rinted matter, the colored iifl\ 
presents a beautiful a])pearance, looking much like ])rinting on cel- 
luloid. 



146 



Methods of SUicdtiny and Pan/If itiim/ Paper Board 

It would lie (lifticult lo print on paper stock which contains a heavy 
coating of i?araftin, I)nt it would l)e less difficult to print on stock 
which has heen coated with silicate of soda. However, it is advis- 
ahle to have all printing done hefore any kind of coating is applied. 

PARAFFIN 

Paraftin is a white, translucent, crystalline suhstance. tasteless and 
inodorous, and is ohtained from the distillation of mineral and vege- 
tal)le tar. It fuses from 120" to 13(^1° h'ahrenheit. When used as a 
coating for paper hoard it is ap])lied hot, and it sets immediately hy 
cooling. Its use makes ])aper water-])roof , hut not grease-])roof. 

SIl.RAIl-: OF SOIIA 

vSilicale of soda, or sodium silicate, is manufactured hy fusing to- 
gether silica ( sand ) and an alkaline soda salt, such as soda ash, to form 
a kind of glass. I'y special ])rocesses this glass can he made to dis- 
solve in water, hence one well known name for silicate is "water 
glass." vSilicate of soda is made in ditterent grades to suit various 
re(|uirements. and the grades which are used in the |)aper and paper 
hox industries are made iiarticularly for the ])ur])oses in ([uestion. 

The Philadelphia (Juartz Companw of Philadel])hia. is one of the 
largest manufactiu'ers (tt silicate of soda in the world, and this com- 
])any is su])])lying the ]xai)er and ])a])er hox industries with great 
quantities of silicate of soda, in various hrands. for adhesives. 
coating material for paper hoard, etc. The "X" hrand of silicate is 
recommended hy this com])any as an inexpensive, (juick-drying, min- 
eral li(|uid, odorless and colorless, non-corrosive, non-]M)isonous, yet 
strongly repellent to \ermin. \\"lu'n (lr\- this preparation is resistant 
to moisture, hut is not ahsoluteK' \\ater-])roof . It is not softened hy 
heat, and is im])er\ious to all kinds of oils and greases. 

("()Ari\(; I'AIM.K HOARD W I 1 1 1 SlI.KAri: OF soix\ 

When the "X" hrand ot silicate of soda is ]H"operl\' applied as a 
coating to ])a])er hoard, it lends to make the hoard hoth moistiu'c 
resistant and grease-proof. \\\ this process a great deal of cracker 
shell stock tor cartons i> made grease-prool and sulticientlv damp- 
])rool. \\\ treating the stock for ])a])er ])lates, hutter and lard hoxes, 
and containers for oils and greases, with a coating ot silicate of soda, 
they are made impervious to grease. 

vSome manufacturers of cartons for hutter. lard. etc.. are making 
the cartons water-jiroof as well as grease-]iroof 1)\- ha\ing the paper 
hoard first coated with silicate of soda and then having the stock 

147 



Sales Sugycstiom for Paper Box Manufacturers 

coated again with paraffin. Paper milk l)ottles and other paper ves- 
ses for commodities containing a considerable quantity of water 
will serve then- purpose to the best advantage when the^stock from 
which they are n.ade has hrst been coated with silicate of soda an 



!!^raffin ii 'if""';' , '"" "'"'^' '^^'^^ "^'^ ''''' ^'■--^- '-'-'-^ ^he 
paiaffin itselt. and the paraffin holds the moisture 

wJr" '''!"• '-'''''"^^ '"'■^'•' ^'"^' *'*^'' ^^o'^tainers need only to be 
water-pro,.t, it is sometimes economical to first apply a coating of 

148 



Method.^ of SUicat'nnj and Para§in'nuj Paper Board 

silicate before applying the paratlin, as this saves some of the par- 
affin. The silicate seals the surface pores in the paper, and when 
the paraffin is api)lie(l only a thin coating is essential for the reason 
that it will not soak into the paper. When the paper board has first 
been coated with silicate of soda, a thin coating of paraffin will do 
just as well as a thick coating. 

Coating ]\a])er board with silicate can be done on the same kinds 
of coating machines as are used for ])aranining — for exam])le, fiat 
sheets may be coated on the Knowlton sheet' co\ering machine, and 
rolls of pa])er or Ixiard m'i_\- l)e coated on the Knowllon roll coating 
machine. These machines are very simple in construction and opera- 
tion. There are two rollers which are adjusted to pinch the board, 
or ])ai)er. between them, a])])lying the coating solution to one or l)oth 
sides of the stock, as desired. 

It is not necessarv to heat silicate of soda for coating, although 
the tem])erature of the room should not lie too low. Xevertheless. 
when the silicate i> run warm it spreads somewhat further than when 
run cold. 

To insure an e\eu coating of the silicate and to prexent it trom 
hardening on the rollers the machine should be kf])t running con- 
tinuously The machine should be kept clean, and when sto])ped tor 
a period, the rolls should be washed with hot water or with live 
steam. When silicate hardens on the rollers it is difficult to remove. 
Either steel or hard rubber rolls will give good results on the machine, 
but for rough stock rubber rollers will produce the best results. 

The {|uantity of silicate of soda to be applied varies according to 
kind of .stock and the purpo.se of the coating. Porous stock naturally 
requires a larger quantitv than close-grained paper. .\ thin coating, 
averaging about five ]X)un(ls of silicate to i.ooo square feet of stock, 
is sufiicient for cracker shell ])a]ier, or as an under coat for paraOni. 
For st(»ck which is to resist oils and greases, a heavier coating is re- 
(juired. 

The i)roper .strength of the silicate dei)en(ls a great deal on the 
kind of stock. The aim is to have the silicate ])enetrate the surface 
I)ore,s of the i)ai)er and thus form a continuous film o\er the entire 
surface cf the stock, if ust'd too hea\\- it might lie on the surface 
of the paper and tend to crack or i)cel oil. ( )r. if <liluted too thinly 
it mav soak in without forming the continuous lilm. l'"or the average 
grade of stock the "W" brand of silicate should be diluted by adding 
one volume of water to si.\ of silicate (by weight, one i)art ot water 
and seven parts of silicate). Porous stock ma\- re(|uire undiluted 
silicate. 

Dried silicate of soda is unafi'ected by oils, fats, or greases of any 

149 



Sales Suyycsl'wus fur Paper Box Manitfacliircrs 

kind. When properly applied to wood or i)ciper prodncts. it pos- 
sesses vahiable grease-]:)roof and water-resistant properties. Silicate 
is also fire-resistanl. 

MKTHOD OF CXJATING Slll'.l.r SIOC'K Willi rWO DIFFERENT 

SOU^TlOxNS 

As mentioned elsewhere in this chapter it is often advantageous to 
have ])aper hoard for damivj^roof and grease-proof cartons coated 
with two different solutions like silicate of soda and ]iaraftni. I^'or 
tliis ]nn-pose the Knowlton Company has designed special ('(juip- 
mcnt which accomplishes the douhle coating work at a great saving 
in time and labor. 

This s])ecial ecim'pment consists of two Knowlton sheet coating 
machines, placed at a certain distance ai)art and connected hv a rope 
conveyor. The sheet stock is hrst fed through the lirst machine 
where it recei\es a coating of silicate of soda. Hv means of the con- 
veyor the sheet is then carried on slowly to the second machine where 
it receives the coating of paraffin. The sheets remain on the con- 
veyer tor a sufficient length of time to allow the silicate coating to 
dry or set to such an extent as to enable it to take the coat of paraffm 
in the right condition. 

F.\KAFFIX1N(; SroC'K FOR FOLniN(; HO.XES .AND OJIIER 
KINDS OF CONT.MNFKS 

Papi'r board for folding boxes and cartons is ]iaraflined in the 
same way as the stock is coated with silicate.' of soda, h'or butter and 
lard containers, in the case where the stock is not hrst coated with 
sodium silicate, a thick coating of parafhn is a])])lied. ivarge rolls 
of pa])er or board may be paraffined on a roll coating machine, and 
flat sheets of stock can be coated with paraffin on a sheet coating 
machine. Trinting for butter cartons, etc., is usually done on the 
stock before the coating of parafhn is a])plied. 

'i'he i^araffin is kejit in a molten condition on the machine hv means 
ol steam, gas or electric heating. The Knowlton C'om])anv also su])- 
])ly a mixing and cooking machine which is used for melting and 
mixing adhesi\-es and li(|uid coating materials. This de\ice is useful 
in connection with the work of ])araffining. 

Pa])er milk bottles, paper cans, and other ])a])er containers of this 
variety may be made more or less water-tight by ])arafhning. This 
may be done by submerging them in hot parafhn, or by ix)uring 
molten parafhn in and out of the pai)er vessel. 

Paraffin ma_\- be ])urchase(l from large wholesale drug concerns, or 
from large oil rchning comi)anies. 



36 91 




NDERY INC. 

^ DEC 90 



